Effect of fungal co-cultures on ligninolytic enzyme activities, H2O2 production, and orange G discoloration.

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In this study, the effects of Aspergillus niger in coculture with the basidiomycetes, Trametes versicolor, T. maxim a, and Ganoderma spp., were studied to assess H 2 O 2 production and laccase (Lac), Lignin Peroxidase (LiP), and manganese peroxidase (MnP) activities. The results indicated that maximum discoloration was of 97%, in the T. maxima and A. niger coculture, where the concentration of H 2 O 2 was 5 mg/L and 6.3 mg/L in cultures without and with dye, respectively. These concentrations of H 2 O 2 were 1.6- and 1.8-fold higher than monocultures of T. maxima (3.37 mg/L) and A. niger (3.87 mg/L), respectively. In the same coculture, the LiP and MnP enzyme activities also increased 12-fold, (from 0.08 U/mg to 0.99 U/mg), and 67-fold, (from 0.11 U/mg to 7.4 U/mg), respectively. The Lac activity increased 1.7-fold (from 13.46 U/mg to 24 U/mg). Further, a Box-Behnken experimental design indicated a 1.8-fold increase of MnP activity (from 7.4 U/mg to 13.3 U/mg). In addition, dye discoloration regression model obtained from the Box-Behnken experimental design showed a positively correlation with H 2 O 2, ( R 2 = 0.58) and a negatively correlation with Lac activity ( R 2 = -0.7).