Meroterpenoids From Ganoderma lucidum Mushrooms and Their Biological Roles in Insulin Resistance and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

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Citation abstract

Ganoderma fungi as popular raw materials of numerous functional foods have been extensively investigated. In this study, five pairs of meroterpenoid enantiomers beyond well-known triterpenoids and polysaccharides, dayaolingzhiols I-M ( 1 - 5 ), were characterized from Ganoderma lucidum. Their structures were identified using spectroscopic and computational methods. Structurally, compound 1 features a novel dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one motif in the side chain. Ethnoknowledge-derived biological evaluation found that (+)- 5 could activate Akt and AMPK phosphorylation in insulin-stimulated C2C12 cells, and (+)- 5 could activate glucose uptake dose dependently in C2C12 cells. Furthermore, we found that (+)- 1 (+)- 4, and (-)- 4 could significantly inhibit cell migration of the MDA-MB-231 cell line, of which (+)- 4 showed significant inhibitory effects against cell migration of the MDA-MB-231 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. These findings revealed the meroterpenoidal composition of G. lucidum and its roles in the prevention of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and triple-negative breast cancer.