Novel advanced nanoliposomes incorporating adenosine, cordycepin from riched-Cordyceps militaris extract, and curcumin: Formulation, stability, in vitro digestion, and enhanced biological activities

From the paper

Abstract

This study details the development and evaluation of novel nanoliposomes for the co-delivery of adenosine and cordycepin from Cordyceps militaris extract, alongside curcumin. The nanoliposomes, prepared via solvent injection, exhibited a stable formulation (119.5 ± 2.7 nm; zeta potential −39.93 ± 0.25 mV) and high encapsulation efficiencies: adenosine (89.3 ± 1.6 %), cordycepin (90.6 ± 0.9 %), and curcumin (95.2 ± 2.1 %). In vitro digestion studies showed approximately 18 % cumulative release in simulated gastric fluid, followed by > 84 % release in simulated intestinal fluid. Kinetic modeling revealed zero-order release in the gastric phase and Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics (non-Fickian diffusion) in the intestinal phase. The formulation also demonstrated improved in vitro antioxidant capacity (IC50 127.8 µg/mL), antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells (IC50 9.3 µg/mL). The enhanced stability, bioavailability, and synergistic biological activities of this nanoliposome highlight its potential as a functional food ingredient or nutraceutical for promoting health and combating cancer.