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Species records

Species record

Oyster Mushroom

Pleurotus ostreatus

Studies
1,947
Avg relevance
53
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Reishi · Lingzhi

Ganoderma lucidum

Studies
1,830
Avg relevance
60
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Turkey Tail · Yun Zhi

Trametes versicolor

Studies
1,828
Avg relevance
41
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Shiitake · Hua Gu

Lentinula edodes

Studies
1,766
Avg relevance
60
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Cordyceps · Scarlet Club

Cordyceps militaris

Studies
1,635
Avg relevance
67
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Cordyceps · Caterpillar Fungus

Ophiocordyceps sinensis

Studies
1,576
Avg relevance
59
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Almond Mushroom · ABM

Agaricus blazei

Studies
1,441
Avg relevance
54
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Enoki · Winter Mushroom

Flammulina velutipes

Studies
1,403
Avg relevance
47
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

King Oyster · Eryngii

Pleurotus eryngii

Studies
1,278
Avg relevance
60
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Maitake · Hen of the Woods

Grifola frondosa

Studies
1,276
Avg relevance
48
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Snow Fungus · Silver Ear

Tremella fuciformis

Studies
1,052
Avg relevance
29
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Lion's Mane · Yamabushitake

Hericium erinaceus

Studies
862
Avg relevance
67
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Chaga

Inonotus obliquus

Studies
738
Avg relevance
65
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Mesima · Sanghwang

Phellinus linteus

Studies
722
Avg relevance
58
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Niu-Chang-Chih

Antrodia camphorata

Studies
496
Avg relevance
63
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Nameko · Nametake

Pholiota microspora

Studies
421
Avg relevance
29
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Yellow Morel

Morchella esculenta

Studies
392
Avg relevance
42
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Zhu Ling · Umbrella Polypore

Polyporus umbellatus

Studies
263
Avg relevance
55
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Wood Ear · Kikurage

Auricularia auricula-judae

Studies
254
Avg relevance
51
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Agarikon · Quinine Conk

Fomitopsis officinalis

Studies
47
Avg relevance
55
Latest
2026
Open record

Articles

17,669 results

Showing 10,401–10,450 of 17,669

Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)

Agent-based modeling: Population limits and large timescales.

Modeling, simulation, and analysis of interacting agent systems is a broad field of research, with existing approaches reaching from informal descriptions of interaction dynamics to more formal, mathematical models..

Oncology
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · Marine pollution bulletin

Agent-based modelling reveals a disproportionate exposure of females and calves to a local increase in shipping and associated noise in an endangered beluga population.

Vessel underwater noise (VUN) is one of the main threats to the recovery of the endangered St. Lawrence Estuary Beluga population (SLEB).

Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · Cancers

An Agent-Based Model of Combination Oncolytic Viral Therapy and Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy Reveals the Importance of Spatial Location When Treating Glioblastoma.

Oncolytic viral therapies and immunotherapies are of growing clinical interest due to their selectivity for tumor cells over healthy cells and their immunostimulatory properties..

OncologyImmune supportCognition & nervesRespiratory
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · Infection control and hospital epidemiology

An agent-based model to simulate the transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococci according different prevention and control measures.

OBJECTIVE: Despite the existence of various levels of infection prevention and control (IPC) measures aimed at limiting the transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in hospitals, these measures are sometimes difficult to implement..

Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · The International journal on drug policy

An application of agent-based modeling to explore the impact of decreasing incarceration rates and increasing drug treatment access on sero-discordant partnerships among people who inject drugs.

BACKGROUND: People who inject drugs (PWID) lag behind other key populations in HIV care continuum outcomes. The impacts of criminal justice reform and increasing drug treatment access on HIV have been underexplored..

Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology

An in-silico Investigation Into the Role of Strain and Structure on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Growth.

The orientation of vascular cells can greatly influence the in vivo mechanical properties and functionality of soft vascular tissues. How cell orientation mediates the growth response of cells is of critical importance in understanding the response of soft tissues to mechanical stimuli or injury..

OncologyEnergy & fatigueSkin & hydration
Medium relevance

Shiitake · 2021 · Journal Article · Food chemistry

An unattended HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS combined with a novel sample preparation strategy for the reliable quantitation of C8 volatiles in mushrooms: A sample preparation strategy to fully control the volatile emission.

Eight carbon (C8) compounds are the key characteristic flavors of mushrooms. The quantitative analysis of the volatiles in mushrooms is challenging especially with the unattended HS-SPME-GC-MS..

Skin & hydration
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Research Article · The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

Analytical and Clinical Evaluation of Two RT-qPCR SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostic Tests with Emergency Use Authorization in Ecuador.

Dozens of RT-qPCR kits are available in the market for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, some of them with Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or at least by a responsible agency of their country of origin, but many of them lack proper evaluation studies because of COVID-19 pandemic….

Energy & fatigueRespiratory
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics

Analyzing Medical Guideline Dissemination Behaviors Using Culturally Infused Agent Based Modeling Framework.

Clinical practice guidelines are a critical medium for the standardization of practices within the overall medical community. However, several studies have shown that, in general, there is a significant delay in the adoption of recommendations in such guidelines..

Metabolic health
Medium relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)

Antiviral, Cytotoxic, and Antioxidant Activities of Three Edible Agaricomycetes Mushrooms: Pleurotus columbinus, Pleurotus sajor-caju, and Agaricus bisporus.

In this study, we investigated aqueous extracts of three edible mushrooms: Agaricus bisporus (white button mushroom), Pleurotus columbinus (oyster mushroom), and Pleurotus sajor-caju (grey oyster mushroom)..

OncologyEnergy & fatigueLiver supportRespiratory
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Research Article · Frontiers in microbiology

Application of Machine Learning Techniques to an Agent-Based Model of Pantoea.

Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a powerful simulation technique which describes a complex dynamic system based on its interacting constituent entities. While the flexibility of ABM enables broad application, the complexity of real-world models demands intensive computing resources and computational time; however, a….

Cognition & nervesEnergy & fatigueMetabolic health
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · Journal of environmental management

Application of the theory of planned behavior with agent-based modeling for sustainable management of vegetative filter strips.

This study proposes an innovative socio-hydrological modeling framework for the development of environmental policies that are tailored to farmers' attitudes and economic interests but also optimize environmental criteria..

Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · Environmental research

Assessing personal exposure using Agent Based Modelling informed by sensors technology.

Technology innovations create possibilities to capture exposure-related data at a great depth and breadth. Considering, though, the substantial hurdles involved in collecting individual data for whole populations, this study introduces a first approach of simulating human movement and interaction behaviour, using….

Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · JAMA health forum

Association of Simulated COVID-19 Policy Responses for Social Restrictions and Lockdowns With Health-Adjusted Life-Years and Costs in Victoria, Australia.

IMPORTANCE: Countries have varied enormously in how they have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic, ranging from elimination strategies (eg, Australia, New Zealand, Taiwan) to tight suppression (not aiming for elimination but rather to keep infection rates low [eg, South Korea]) to loose suppression (eg, Europe, United….

Respiratory
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Research Article · Proceedings. Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

Bayesian uncertainty quantification for data-driven equation learning.

Equation learning aims to infer differential equation models from data. While a number of studies have shown that differential equation models can be successfully identified when the data are sufficiently detailed and corrupted with relatively small amounts of noise, the relationship between observation noise and….

Cognition & nerves
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Research Article · PLoS computational biology

Building and experimenting with an agent-based model to study the population-level impact of CommunityRx, a clinic-based community resource referral intervention.

CommunityRx (CRx), an information technology intervention, provides patients with a personalized list of healthful community resources (HealtheRx). In repeated clinical studies, nearly half of those who received clinical "doses" of the HealtheRx shared their information with others ("social doses")..

Liver support
Medium relevance

Enoki · 2021 · Journal Article · Food & function

Characterization of insoluble dietary fiber from three food sources and their potential hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects.

Dietary fiber is an important nutrient for improving human health and controlling calorie intake, and is used to produce functional foods. In this study, insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) from three sources (enoki mushrooms, carrots, and oats) was characterized and their hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects were….

Metabolic healthGut & microbiome
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Research Article · BMC musculoskeletal disorders

Comparison of three treatment methods for simple bone cyst in children.

BACKGROUND: The unicameral bone cyst (UBC) is a kind of benign tumor whose clinical treatments and efficacy are controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the elastic stable intramedullary nail (ESIN), the injection of autologous bone marrow (ABM), and the combination of ESIN and ABM in….

Oncology
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

Computational Resources and Strategies to Construct Single-Molecule Models of FISH.

Currently, the interactions occurring between oligonucleotides and the cellular envelope of bacteria are not fully resolved at the molecular level. Understanding these interactions is essential to gain insights on how to improve the internalization of the tagged oligonucleotides during fluorescence in situ….

Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · Water environment research: a research publication of the Water Environment Federation

Conceptual ex ante simulation for Green Stormwater Infrastructure Adoption on private property using agent-based modeling.

This paper presents the Green Stormwater Infrastructure Social Spatial Adoption (G-SSA) model, a cellular automata agent-based model that simulates the behavior of private property owners responding to incentives to adopt on-site green stormwater infrastructure (GSI)..

Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · Optics letters

Constructing an achromatic polarization-dependent bifocal metalens with height-gradient metastructures.

Metalenses possess the extraordinary capability to tailor the wavefront of light with compact metastructures. However, it remains challenging to eliminate chromatic aberration and realize multifunctionality.

Medium relevance

Cordyceps · 2021 · Journal Article · The American journal of Chinese medicine

Cordycepin Attenuates Palmitic Acid-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis of Vascular Endothelial Cells through Mediating PI3K/Akt/eNOS Signaling Pathway.

A well-known medicinal mushroom in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, Cordyceps sinensis, is a rare natural-occurring entomopathogenic fungus, and it typically grows at high altitudes on the plateau of the Himalayan..

OncologyImmune supportEnergy & fatigue
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Research Article · Parasites & vectors

Cyathostomin resistance to moxidectin and combinations of anthelmintics in Australian horses.

BACKGROUND: Cyathostomins are the most important and common parasitic nematodes of horses, with > 50 species known to occur worldwide. The frequent and indiscriminate use of anthelmintics has resulted in the development of anthelmintic resistance (AR) in horse nematodes..

Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Research Article · Heliyon

Designing a food supply chain strategy during COVID-19 pandemic using an integrated Agent-Based Modelling and Robust Optimization.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread for over a year and affected many aspects, including the food supply chain. One of the ways COVID-19 has impacted the food supply chain is the food production capacity reduction..

Respiratory
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Research Article · Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology

Development and Characterization of a Biomimetic Totally Implantable Artificial Basilar Membrane System.

Cochlear implants (CIs) have become the standard treatment for severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss. Conventional CIs have some challenges, such as the use of extracorporeal devices, and high power consumption for frequency analysis..

Cognition & nerves
Medium relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · Frontiers in microbiology

DNA Barcoding Mushroom Spawn Using EF-1α Barcodes: A Case Study in Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus).

Oyster mushrooms (genus Pleurotus) are widespread and comprise the most commonly cultivated edible mushrooms in the world. Species identification of oyster mushroom spawn based on cultural, morphological, and cultivated characteristics is time consuming and can be extraordinarily difficult, which has impeded mushroom….

Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · Frontiers in robotics and AI

Drivers of Automation and Consequences for Jobs in Engineering Services: An Agent-Based Modelling Approach.

New technology is of little use if it is not adopted, and surveys show that less than 10% of firms use Artificial Intelligence. This paper studies the uptake of AI-driven automation and its impact on employment, using a dynamic agent-based model (ABM)..

Cognition & nerves
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · Molecular pharmaceutics

Evaluation of Copper-64-Labeled αvβ6-Targeting Peptides: Addition of an Albumin Binding Moiety to Improve Pharmacokinetics.

The incorporation of non-covalent albumin binding moieties (ABMs) into radiotracers results in increased circulation time, leading to a higher uptake in the target tissues such as the tumor, and, in some cases, reduced kidney retention..

OncologyImmune support
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Research Article · Insects

Evaluation of Ethanol Extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. as Acaricide against Oligonychus punicae Hirst (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae).

Tetranychidae family is a major group of mites causing serious damage in agricultural, vegetable and ornamental crops. Avocado bronze mite (ABM), Oligonychus punicae Hirst (Acari: Tetranychidae) causes major crop damage, defoliation and fruit abortion..

Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · Aquaculture

Farnesoid X receptor is an effective target for modulating lipid accumulation in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella

Excessive lipid accumulation in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is one of the greatest challenges in the aquaculture industry. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is being increasingly recognized as an important node in the regulation of fat content in mammals; however, its role in fish remains unknown..

Metabolic healthGut & microbiomeLiver support
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Research Article · Journal of medical radiation sciences

Feasibility of bone marrow sparing volumetric modulated arc therapy to spare active bone marrow in cervical and vaginal cancer patients: a retrospective dosimetric analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the standard treatment for locally advanced cervical and vaginal cancer. It is associated with high haematological toxicity (HT) that can lead to treatment interruptions and cancelled chemotherapy cycles, reducing the potential effectiveness of this regimen..

OncologyMetabolic healthLiver support
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · Health & place

How can an agent-based model explore the impact of interventions on children's physical activity in an urban environment?

Insufficient physical activity (PA) among most children and adolescents is a global problem that is undermining the realisation of numerous developmental and health benefits..

Medium relevance

Cordyceps · 2021 · Journal Article · Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin

Identification of Ophiocordyceps gracilioides by Its Anti-tumor Effects through Targeting the NFκB-STAT3-IL-6 Inflammatory Pathway

Although more than 400 species of Cordyceps s.l. have been identified, most have not been well explored regarding their potential for medicinal use.

OncologyImmune support
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Research Article · Current opinion in behavioral sciences

Improving autobiographical memory in Alzheimer's disease by transcranial alternating current stimulation.

We review the latest evidence from animal models, studies in humans using electrophysiology, experimental memory paradigms, and non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), in the form of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), suggesting that the altered activity in networks that contribute to the….

Cognition & nerves
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research

Influence of Anterior-Posterior External Surface Perturbation on Trunk Stability During Abdominal Stabilization Strategies While Sitting.

BACKGROUND Spinal and pelvic injuries during an unexpected perturbation are closely related to spinal stability, which is known to be controlled by abdominal stabilization maneuvers..

Energy & fatigue
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · BMC psychiatry

Influence of established and subjectively perceived as well as evaluated individual characteristics on the utilization of mental health services among individuals with depressive disorders: protocol of a longitudinal study examining how to supplement the "behavioral model of health services use" and on need-congruent use of mental health services.

BACKGROUND: Approximately one out of every three people in Germany who meets the diagnostic criteria for major depression has contact with mental health services. Therefore, according to treatment guidelines, two thirds of all individuals with depression are insufficiently treated..

Cognition & nerves
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · Ground water

Isotopically Enriched Geogenic δ81 Br and δ37 Cl: Primary Evidence for the Ascending Brine Model.

Mass balance calculations and hydrodynamics of groundwater flow suggest that the solutes in brines of the coastal sabkha aquifer from the Emirate of Abu Dhabi are derived largely from ascending geologic brines into the sabkha from the underlying formations..

Medium relevance

Cordyceps · 2021 · Journal Article · Open life sciences

Molecular record for the first authentication of Isaria cicadae from Vietnam.

The entomopathogenic fungus T011, parasitizing on nymph of Cicada, collected in the coffee garden in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam, was preliminarily morphologically identified as Isaria cicadae, belonged to order Hypocreales and family Clavicipitaceae..

Medium relevance

Cordyceps · 2021 · Journal Article · MycoKeys

Morphology and molecular study of three new Cordycipitoid fungi and its related species collected from Jilin Province, northeast China.

Cordyceps species are notable medicinal fungi in China, which are pathogenic on insects and exhibit high biodiversity in tropical and subtropical regions. Recently, three new Cordyceps species, Cordycepschangchunensis and Cordycepsjingyuetanensis growing on pupae of Lepidoptera and Cordycepschangbaiensis growing on….

Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Research Article · Frontiers in physiology

Multiscale Modeling of Vascular Remodeling Induced by Wall Shear Stress.

OBJECTIVE: Hemodynamics-induced low wall shear stress (WSS) is one of the critical reasons leading to vascular remodeling. However, the coupling effects of WSS and cellular kinetics have not been clearly modeled..

OncologyEnergy & fatigue
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Research Article · Neuroimage. Reports

No change in electrocortical measures of performance monitoring in high trait anxious individuals following multi-session attention bias modification training.

Heightened attentional bias to threat and enhanced performance monitoring have been linked to higher levels of anxiety. Attentional bias modification (ABM) was developed to reduce attentional bias to threat and thus reduce anxiety..

Cognition & nervesEnergy & fatigueLiver support
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Research Article · Journal of bone metabolism

No Detectable Alteration of Inorganic Allogeneic Bone Matrix Colonizing Mesenchymal Cells: A Step Towards Personalized Bone Grafts.

BACKGROUND: During major bone substance loss, secured allogeneic bone matrix (ABM) is normally utilized for bone repair. Here, we propose a method to colonize ABM using autologous mesenchymal cells (MCs) to improve their integration..

Gut & microbiomeSkin & hydration
Medium relevance

Cordyceps · 2021 · Journal Article · Food and chemical toxicology: an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association

Nutraceutical intervention protects against bacterial and chemical-induced gastrotoxicity in a non-mammalian model, Galleria mellonella.

Preparations of the fungus Cordyceps sinensis and bovine colostrum are considered nutraceuticals due to their anti-inflammatory, repair and gut alimentation properties in mammalian models..

Immune supportGut & microbiome
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Research Article · Membranes

Optimization of Aquaporin Loading for Performance Enhancement of Aquaporin-Based Biomimetic Thin-Film Composite Membranes.

The aquaporin-based biomimetic thin-film composite membrane (ABM-TFC) has demonstrated superior separation performance and achieved successful commercialization. The larger-scale production of the ABM membrane requires an appropriate balance between the performance and manufacturing cost..

Energy & fatigueMetabolic health
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

Outcomes of Patients Living With HIV and Anal Cancer Treated With Definitive Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy and 5-Fluorouracil- or Capecitabine-Based Chemotherapy.

Purpose/objective(s) To assess outcomes after definitive chemo-irradiation in HIV patients with anal cancer, and evaluate hemato-immunologic (HI) toxicity by dynamics of CD4+ cell counts and lymphocytes and their association with the dose received by active bone marrow (ABM)..

OncologyImmune supportRespiratory
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · European journal of pediatrics

Pediatric subdural empyema as a complication of meningitis: could CSF protein/CSF glucose ratio be used to screen for subdural empyema?

Subdural empyema (SDE) is a rare condition which can appear secondary to meningitis in childhood, especially in infants. This study was planned to evaluate and compare clinical and laboratory features, treatment, and outcome of children with SDE to those with acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) without SDE..

Cognition & nervesMetabolic healthRespiratory
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · Therapeutic advances in medical oncology

Phase III randomized study of carboplatin pemetrexed with or without bevacizumab with initial versus "at progression" cerebral radiotherapy in advanced non squamous non-small cell lung cancer with asymptomatic brain metastasis.

BACKGROUND: The role and timing of whole or stereotaxic brain radiotherapy (BR) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) and asymptomatic brain metastases (aBMs) are not well established..

OncologyCognition & nervesRespiratory
Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · Frontiers in psychology

Pushing or Pulling Your "Poison": Clinical Correlates of Alcohol Approach and Avoidance Bias Among Inpatients Undergoing Alcohol Withdrawal Treatment.

Introduction: Alcohol approach bias, the tendency to automatically move toward alcohol cues, has been observed in people who drink heavily. However, surprisingly, some alcohol-dependent patients demonstrate an alcohol avoidance bias..

Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · Water research

Quantification of multi-scale links of anthropogenic pressures with PAH and PCB bioavailable contamination in French freshwaters.

Aquatic ecosystems are exposed to multiple environmental pressures including chemical contamination. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) known as preoccupying substances for the environment..

Medium relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2021 · Journal Article · Medical decision making: an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making

Representing Tuberculosis Transmission with Complex Contagion: An Agent-Based Simulation Modeling Approach.

OBJECTIVE: A recent study reported a tuberculosis (TB) outbreak in which, among newly infected individuals, exposure to additional active infections was associated with a higher probability of developing active disease..