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Species records

Species record

Oyster Mushroom

Pleurotus ostreatus

Studies
1,947
Avg relevance
53
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Reishi · Lingzhi

Ganoderma lucidum

Studies
1,830
Avg relevance
60
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Turkey Tail · Yun Zhi

Trametes versicolor

Studies
1,828
Avg relevance
41
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Shiitake · Hua Gu

Lentinula edodes

Studies
1,766
Avg relevance
60
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Cordyceps · Scarlet Club

Cordyceps militaris

Studies
1,635
Avg relevance
67
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Cordyceps · Caterpillar Fungus

Ophiocordyceps sinensis

Studies
1,576
Avg relevance
59
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Almond Mushroom · ABM

Agaricus blazei

Studies
1,441
Avg relevance
54
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Enoki · Winter Mushroom

Flammulina velutipes

Studies
1,403
Avg relevance
47
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

King Oyster · Eryngii

Pleurotus eryngii

Studies
1,278
Avg relevance
60
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Maitake · Hen of the Woods

Grifola frondosa

Studies
1,276
Avg relevance
48
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Snow Fungus · Silver Ear

Tremella fuciformis

Studies
1,052
Avg relevance
29
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Lion's Mane · Yamabushitake

Hericium erinaceus

Studies
862
Avg relevance
67
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Chaga

Inonotus obliquus

Studies
738
Avg relevance
65
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Mesima · Sanghwang

Phellinus linteus

Studies
722
Avg relevance
58
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Niu-Chang-Chih

Antrodia camphorata

Studies
496
Avg relevance
63
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Nameko · Nametake

Pholiota microspora

Studies
421
Avg relevance
29
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Yellow Morel

Morchella esculenta

Studies
392
Avg relevance
42
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Zhu Ling · Umbrella Polypore

Polyporus umbellatus

Studies
263
Avg relevance
55
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Wood Ear · Kikurage

Auricularia auricula-judae

Studies
254
Avg relevance
51
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Agarikon · Quinine Conk

Fomitopsis officinalis

Studies
47
Avg relevance
55
Latest
2026
Open record

Articles

17,669 results

Showing 3,5513,600 of 17,669

High relevance

Shiitake · 2022 · Research Article · Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)

Enhanced Effects of Iron on Mycelial Growth, Metabolism and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Lentinula edodes.

The polysaccharides found in Lentinula edodes have a variety of medicinal properties, such as anti-tumor and anti-viral effects, but their content in L. edodes sporophores is very low.

OncologyImmune supportMetabolic healthRespiratory
High relevance

Mesima · 2022 · Research Article · Journal of nanobiotechnology

Exosome-like nanovesicles derived from Phellinus linteus inhibit Mical2 expression through cross-kingdom regulation and inhibit ultraviolet-induced skin aging.

BACKGROUND: Phellinus linteus (PL), which is a typical medicinal fungus, has been shown to have antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities. However, studies on the effect of anti-photoaging are limited..

OncologyImmune supportSkin & hydration
High relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2022 · Journal Article · International microbiology: the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology

Extracellular proteases and laccases produced by Pleurotus ostreatus PoB: the effects of proteases on laccase activity.

Laccases are enzymes produced by plants and white rot fungi, such as Pleurotus ostreatus, with industrial applications. Fungal laccases have been widely studied, and investigations, such as those involving recombinant DNA technology or adding inducers, have been made to increase laccase production..

High relevance

Reishi · 2022 · Research Article · Frontiers in nutrition

Extraction, Structural Characterization, and Immunomodulatory Activity of a High Molecular Weight Polysaccharide From Ganoderma lucidum.

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) exhibited excellent immunomodulatory activity. Unfortunately, the structure and immunomodulatory activity of GLP are still unclear..

Immune supportMetabolic health
High relevance

Turkey Tail · 2022 · Research Article · Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology

Fatty acid secretion by the white-rot fungus, Trametes versicolor.

Fungi can acquire and store nutrients through decomposing and converting organic matter into fatty acids. This research demonstrates for the first time that the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor has the ability to secrete extracellular droplets which can contain a high concentration of long-chain fatty acids and….

Immune support
High relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2022 · Research Article · Frontiers in nutrition

Fermentation With Pleurotus Ostreatus Enhances the Prebiotic Properties of Germinated Riceberry Rice.

Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world's population. In recent years, awareness of the health benefits of colored rice varieties and germinated rice has gradually increased..

Gut & microbiome
High relevance

Enoki · 2022 · Research Article · Nutrients

Flammulina velutipes Mycorrhizae Attenuate High Fat Diet-Induced Lipid Disorder, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Liver and Perirenal Adipose Tissue of Mice.

Flammulina velutipes (FV) is edible mushroom that has nutritional and medicinal values. FV mycorrhizae, the by-products of FV, are an abundant source and receive less attention..

Immune supportMetabolic healthLiver support
High relevance

Wood Ear · 2022 · Research Article · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Formation Optimization, Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Auricularia auricula-judae Polysaccharide Nanoparticles Obtained via Antisolvent Precipitation.

Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide (AAP)-based nanoparticles (NPs) prepared via an anti-solvent precipitation approach were studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) design was carried out on the basis of single factor experiments, using average size and polydispersity index (PDI) as indicators..

Immune support
High relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2022 · Randomized Controlled Trial · European journal of nutrition

Fortifying a meal with oyster mushroom powder beneficially affects postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1, non-esterified free fatty acids and hunger sensation in adults with impaired glucose tolerance: a double-blind randomized controlled crossover trial.

PURPOSE: Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a pathophysiological condition characterized by insulin resistance with known metabolic consequences such as postprandial hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia..

Metabolic healthGut & microbiome
High relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2022 · Research Article · International journal of molecular sciences

Functional Characterization of Laccase Isozyme (PoLcc1) from the Edible Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus Involved in Lignin Degradation in Cotton Straw.

Fungal laccases play important roles in the degradation of lignocellulose. In this study, the laccase producing cotton straw medium for Pleurotus ostreatus was optimized by single-factor and orthogonal experiments, and to investigate the role of Lacc1 gene, one of the laccase-encoding genes, in the degradation of….

High relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2022 · Research Article · Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)

Functional Roles of LaeA-like Genes in Fungal Growth, Cellulase Activity, and Secondary Metabolism in Pleurotus ostreatus.

The global regulator LaeA plays crucial roles in morphological development and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in filamentous fungi. However, the functions of LaeA in basidiomycetes are less reported..

Immune support
High relevance

Turkey Tail · 2022 · Journal Article · Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry

Fungal degradation of selected medium to highly polar pesticides by Trametes versicolor: kinetics, biodegradation pathways, and ecotoxicity of treated waters.

The massive use of pesticides represents one of the main causes of environmental deterioration, as they have adverse effects on non-target organisms. Thus, the development of technologies capable of reducing their release into the environment is urgently needed..

High relevance

Reishi · 2022 · Journal Article · Food & function

Ganoderic acid A from Ganoderma lucidum protects against alcoholic liver injury through ameliorating the lipid metabolism and modulating the intestinal microbial composition.

Alcoholic liver injury is mainly caused by long-term excessive alcohol consumption and has become a global public threat to human health. It is well known that Ganoderma lucidum has excellent beneficial effects on liver function and lipid metabolism..

Immune supportMetabolic healthGut & microbiomeLiver support
High relevance

Reishi · 2022 · Journal Article · Current research in food science

Ganoderic acids-rich ethanol extract from Ganoderma lucidum protects against alcoholic liver injury and modulates intestinal microbiota in mice with excessive alcohol intake.

Alcoholic liver injury is mainly caused by excessive alcohol consumption and has become a global public health problem threatening human health. It is well known that Ganoderma lucidum possesses various excellent beneficial effects on liver function and lipid metabolism..

Immune supportMetabolic healthGut & microbiomeLiver support
High relevance

Reishi · 2022 · Journal Article · Scientific reports

Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract inducing PHGPx to inhibite membrane lipid hydroperoxides and regulate oxidative stress based on single-cell animal transcriptome.

In this study, the single-cell eukaryotic model organism Tetrahymena thermophila was used as an experimental material to reveal the anti-aging mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract. After treatment with the G.

Energy & fatigueMetabolic healthSkin & hydration
High relevance

Reishi · 2022 · Research Article · American journal of cancer research

Ganoderma lucidum enhances carboplatin chemotherapy effect by inhibiting the DNA damage response pathway and stemness.

Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive type of breast cancer with a poor prognosis. Its management is challenging because of a lack of targeted therapies, increased metastatic potential, and high recurrence rates..

OncologyImmune support
High relevance

Reishi · 2022 · Journal Article · Annals of parasitology

Ganoderma lucidum extract inhibits Schistosoma mansoni survival in silico and in vitro study.

Schistosomosis is a worldwide tropical disease primarily caused by Schistosoma mansoni. Praziquantel is the only available drug for controlling schistosomosis, with many challenges.

High relevance

Reishi · 2022 · Journal Article · Biological control

Ganoderma lucidum mycelial growth filtrate and the mycelial extract increase defense responses against Septoria leaf spot in tomato

Ganoderma lucidum is a mushroom that produces many compounds with biological activity. The present study aimed to examine the ability of preparations obtained from the mushroom, the mycelial growth filtrate (MGF) and the mycelial extract (ME), to provide protection and induce resistance in tomato against Septoria….

High relevance

Reishi · 2022 · Journal Article · Translational andrology and urology

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide ameliorated diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction in rats by regulating fibrosis and the NOS/ERK/JNK pathway.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED) is a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), with limited therapy at present. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) on DMED..

OncologyImmune supportCognition & nervesEnergy & fatigue
High relevance

Reishi · 2022 · Journal Article · Acta biochimica Polonica

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide inhibits the proliferation of leukemic cells through apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cytotoxic effect of polysaccharides derived from Ganoderma lucidum on T lymphocyte leukemia cells. METHODS: Water-soluble polysaccharides were extracted from the fruit bodies of G.

OncologyImmune supportSkin & hydration
High relevance

Reishi · 2022 · Journal Article · Nutrients

Ganoderma Lucidum Triterpenoids Improve Maternal Separation-Induced Anxiety- and Depression-like Behaviors in Mice by Mitigating Inflammation in the Periphery and Brain.

Although early life stress (ELS) can increase susceptibility to adulthood psychiatric disorders and produce a greater inflammatory response in a stressful event, targeted preventive and therapeutic drugs still remain scarce..

Immune supportCognition & nervesLiver support
High relevance

Lion's Mane · 2022 · Journal Article · International journal of biological macromolecules

Gastroprotective activity of polysaccharide from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus against acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats and structure of one bioactive fraction.

This study aimed at investigating gastroprotective activity of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide (HEP) and characterizing one of its bioactive fractions. Acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer (GU) rat model was used to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of HEP, while H2O2-induced injury GES-1 cell model was conducted….

OncologyImmune supportSkin & hydration
High relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2022 · Journal Article · Journal of ethnopharmacology

Gastroprotective effect of hydroalcoholic extract from Agaricus blazei Murill against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The use of mushrooms in medicine is quite old and the first report about the use of genus Agaricus in treatment of ulcers occurred in Byzantine period..

Energy & fatigue
High relevance

Reishi · 2022 · Journal Article · Applied and environmental microbiology

GCN4 Enhances the Transcriptional Regulation of AreA by Interacting with SKO1 To Mediate Nitrogen Utilization in Ganoderma lucidum.

Fungi utilize a wide range of nitrogen to adapt their metabolism. The transcription factor GCN4 has a pivotal role in nitrogen metabolism.

Cognition & nerves
High relevance

Chaga · 2022 · Research Article · Frontiers in veterinary science

Gender-related differences in the effects of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide on intestinal microorganisms in SD rats model.

Natural edible fungal polysaccharides are of research and application value for the prevention of diseases by improving the microenvironment within the intestine..

Immune supportGut & microbiome
High relevance

Enoki · 2022 · Research Article · Mycobiology

Gene Expression Analyses of Mutant Flammulina velutipes (Enokitake Mushroom) with Clogging Phenomenon.

Regulation of proper gene expression is important for cellular and organismal survival, maintenance, and growth. Abnormal gene expression, even for a single critical gene, can thwart cellular integrity and normal physiology to cause diseases, aging, and death..

Energy & fatigue
High relevance

Niu-Chang-Chih · 2022 · Research Article · Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology

Genetic evidence for the requirements of antroquinonol biosynthesis by Antrodia camphorata during liquid-state fermentation.

The solid-state fermentation of Antrodia camphorata could produce a variety of ubiquinone compounds, such as antroquinonol (AQ). However, AQ is hardly synthesized during liquid-state fermentation (LSF)..

High relevance

Chaga · 2022 · Research Article · BMC genomics

Genome sequencing of Inonotus obliquus reveals insights into candidate genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis.

BACKGROUND: Inonotus obliquus is an important edible and medicinal mushroom that was shown to have many pharmacological activities in preclinical trials, including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects..

OncologyImmune supportMetabolic health
High relevance

Cordyceps · 2022 · Journal Article · Gene

Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of thes MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK gene families in Ophiocordyceps sinensis.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades have a universal cell signaling mechanism in eukaryotes. A typical MAPK signal transduction module comprises three kinds of sequentially phosphorylated protein kinases: MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK), and Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase….

High relevance

Reishi · 2022 · Research Article · Frontiers in microbiology

Gllac7 Is Induced by Agricultural and Forestry Residues and Exhibits Allelic Expression Bias in Ganoderma lucidum.

Ganoderma lucidum has a wide carbon spectrum, while the expression profile of key genes relevant to carbon metabolism on different carbon sources has been seldom studied. Here, the transcriptomes of G.

Metabolic health
High relevance

Reishi · 2022 · Research Article · Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)

GlSwi6 Positively Regulates Cellulase and Xylanase Activities through Intracellular Ca2+ Signaling in Ganoderma lucidum.

Ganoderma lucidum is a white-rot fungus that produces a range of lignocellulolytic enzymes to decompose lignin and cellulose. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway has been implicated in xylanases and cellulases production.

High relevance

Cordyceps · 2022 · Research Article · Mycology

Glyceroglycolipids from the solid culture of Ophiocordyceps sinensis strain LY34 isolated from Tibet of China.

Ophiocordyceps sinensis is a well-known entomogenous fungus with its fruiting bodies or cultural mycelium as food and herbal medicines in Asia. While metabolites which could responsible for its potent pharmaceutical effects has long remained to be elucidated..

OncologyImmune support
High relevance

Maitake · 2022 · Research Article · Nutrients

Grifola frondosa Extract Containing Bioactive Components Blocks Skin Fibroblastic Inflammation and Cytotoxicity Caused by Endocrine Disrupting Chemical, Bisphenol A.

Grifola frondosa (GF), a species of Basidiomycotina, is widely distributed across Asia and has been used as an immunomodulatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-cancer agent..

OncologyImmune supportEnergy & fatigueSkin & hydration
High relevance

Maitake · 2022 · Research Article · Current research in food science

Grifolamine A, a novel bis-γ-butyrolactone from Grifola frondosa exerted inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase and their binding interaction: Affinity and molecular dynamics simulation.

A novel bis-γ-butyrolactone grifolamine A (1), the first γ-butyrolactone dimer from nature, together with three known γ-butyrolactones (2-4), was isolated from the byproduct from Grifola frondosa polysaccharides preparation process..

Immune supportEnergy & fatigue
High relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2022 · Research Article · Animals: an open access journal from MDPI

Growth Performance and Hematological Changes in Growing Sika Deers Fed with Spent Mushroom Substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus.

The purpose of this experiment is to expand the feed of growing sika deer and to explore the effects on growing sika deer of the spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus (SMS-MP). Twelve immature female growing sika deer were randomly assigned to four groups..

Immune supportEnergy & fatigueGut & microbiome
High relevance

Lion's Mane · 2022 · Research Article · Journal of animal science and technology

Gut microbiota profiling in aged dogs after feeding pet food contained Hericium erinaceus.

Health concern of dogs is the most important issue for pet owners. People who have companied the dogs long-term provide the utmost cares for their well-being and healthy life.

Immune supportCognition & nervesMetabolic healthGut & microbiome
High relevance

Shiitake · 2022 · Research Article · Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)

Haplotype-Resolved Genome Analyses Reveal Genetically Distinct Nuclei within a Commercial Cultivar of Lentinula edodes.

Lentinula edodes is a tetrapolar basidiomycete with two haploid nuclei in each cell during most of their life cycle. Understanding the two haploid nuclei genome structures and their interactions on growth and fruiting body development has significant practical implications, especially for commercial cultivars..

High relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2022 · Research Article · Animals: an open access journal from MDPI

Hematological Changes in Sika Doe and Suckling Fawn Fed with Spent Mushroom Substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus.

Sika deer velvet antler is the most important animal nutraceutic in traditional Chinese medicine. Reducing the breeding cost of sika deer by looking for a low-cost diet is the main research direction at present..

Metabolic healthGut & microbiome
High relevance

Reishi · 2022 · Research Article · International journal of molecular sciences

Heme Oxygenase/Carbon Monoxide Participates in the Regulation of Ganoderma lucidum Heat-Stress Response, Ganoderic Acid Biosynthesis, and Cell-Wall Integrity.

Carbon monoxide (CO), a product of organic oxidation processes, arises in vivo principally from the enzymatic reaction of heme oxygenase (HO, transcription gene named HMX1). HO/CO has been found to exert many salutary effects in multiple biological processes, including the stress response..

Energy & fatigue
High relevance

Lion's Mane · 2022 · Research Article · Nutrients

Hericium erinaceus Mycelium Ameliorates In Vivo Progression of Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related disorder that affects the joints and causes functional disability. Hericium erinaceus is a large edible mushroom with several known medicinal functions.

OncologyImmune support
High relevance

Reishi · 2022 · Research Article · Metabolites

Hypouricemic Effect of Submerged Culture of Ganoderma lucidum in Potassium Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemic Rats.

Hyperuricemia is a disease caused by a high level of uric acid in the blood. It is an important factor for gout and may be linked to renal and hepatic failure.

Immune supportMetabolic healthLiver support
High relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2022 · Journal Article · Protein expression and purification

Identification and characterization of a hydrophobin Vmh3 from Pleurotus ostreatus.

Hydrophobins (HPs) are relatively small surface-active proteins of fungal origin. Being an industrially important protein, isolation of new molecules from GRAS (Generally Regarded as Safe) strains like mushrooms is the need of the time..

High relevance

Reishi · 2022 · Research Article · Frontiers in microbiology

Identification of a Novel Metabolic Target for Bioactive Triterpenoids Biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum.

Triterpenoids are crucial active ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) with various health benefits.

Metabolic health
High relevance

Maitake · 2022 · Research Article · Food science & nutrition

Immunostimulatory and antioxidant activities of the selenized polysaccharide from edible Grifola frondosa.

Grifola frondosa polysaccharide (GFP2) was extracted and purified by anion-exchange chromatography. A selenized G.

Immune supportMetabolic health
High relevance

Mesima · 2022 · Research Article · Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)

Immunostimulatory Effect of Postbiotics Prepared from Phellinus linteus Mycelial Submerged Culture via Activation of Spleen and Peyer's Patch in C3H/HeN Mice.

Medicinal mushrooms are an important natural resource promoting health benefits. Herein, Phellinus linteus mycelia were prepared under submerged cultivation, the mycelium-containing culture broth was extracted as a whole to obtain the postbiotic materials (PLME), and its effect on the immune system was evaluated in….

OncologyImmune supportMetabolic healthGut & microbiome
High relevance

Shiitake · 2022 · Journal Article · Journal of bioscience and bioengineering

Improved production and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharides by submerged culture of Lentinula edodes by the addition of lignocellulose.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of addition of four different lignocellulose (water-treated corn straw, water-treated xylosma sawdust, alkali-treated corn straw and alkali-treated xylosma sawdust) on the production and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharides by Lentinula edodes..

Immune support
High relevance

Lion's Mane · 2022 · Research Article · Bioresources and bioprocessing

In vitro assessment of multipotential therapeutic importance of Hericium erinaceus mushroom extracts using different solvents.

Infectious disease is one of the major threats to humans and it is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Edible mushrooms have many nutritional and medicinal values to human health..

Immune supportLiver supportRespiratory
High relevance

Snow Fungus · 2022 · Journal Article · Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + [i.e. und] Technologie. Food science + technology. Science + technologie alimentaire

Incorporation of clove essential oil nanoemulsion in chitosan coating to control Burkholderia gladioli and improve postharvest quality of fresh Tremella fuciformis

Fresh Tremella fuciformis is becoming more popular among consumers as an edible fungus, as it is more natural and nutritious than dried T. fuciformis.

High relevance

Zhu Ling · 2022 · Journal Article · Mycologia

Influence of rutin on fruiting of Hericium coralloides, Polyporus umbellatus, and Flammulina velutipes.

We studied the effect of rutin on mycelial growth and fruiting of Hericium coralloides, Polyporus umbellatus, and Flammulina velutipes on sunflower husks and on agar nutrient media. On sunflower husks, rutin (300 mg/30 g husk) inhibits the mycelial growth of H..

High relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2022 · Research Article · Food science & nutrition

Influence of substrate formulation on some morphometric characters and biological efficiency of Pleurotus ostreatus EM-1 (Ex. Fr) Kummer grown on rice wastes and "wawa" (Triplochiton scleroxylon) sawdust in Ghana.

A study was conducted to correlate the stipe length, cap diameter, and growth yield (fresh weight) of the fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus strain EM-1 using different rice lignocellulosic wastes and "wawa" (Triplochiton scleroxylon) compost: raw unamended rice straw; rice straw amended with 1% CaCO3 and 10% CaCO3;….