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Species records

Species record

Oyster Mushroom

Pleurotus ostreatus

Studies
1,947
Avg relevance
53
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Reishi · Lingzhi

Ganoderma lucidum

Studies
1,830
Avg relevance
60
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Turkey Tail · Yun Zhi

Trametes versicolor

Studies
1,828
Avg relevance
41
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Shiitake · Hua Gu

Lentinula edodes

Studies
1,766
Avg relevance
60
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Cordyceps · Scarlet Club

Cordyceps militaris

Studies
1,635
Avg relevance
67
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Cordyceps · Caterpillar Fungus

Ophiocordyceps sinensis

Studies
1,576
Avg relevance
59
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Almond Mushroom · ABM

Agaricus blazei

Studies
1,441
Avg relevance
54
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Enoki · Winter Mushroom

Flammulina velutipes

Studies
1,403
Avg relevance
47
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

King Oyster · Eryngii

Pleurotus eryngii

Studies
1,278
Avg relevance
60
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Maitake · Hen of the Woods

Grifola frondosa

Studies
1,276
Avg relevance
48
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Snow Fungus · Silver Ear

Tremella fuciformis

Studies
1,052
Avg relevance
29
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Lion's Mane · Yamabushitake

Hericium erinaceus

Studies
862
Avg relevance
67
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Chaga

Inonotus obliquus

Studies
738
Avg relevance
65
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Mesima · Sanghwang

Phellinus linteus

Studies
722
Avg relevance
58
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Niu-Chang-Chih

Antrodia camphorata

Studies
496
Avg relevance
63
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Nameko · Nametake

Pholiota microspora

Studies
421
Avg relevance
29
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Yellow Morel

Morchella esculenta

Studies
392
Avg relevance
42
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Zhu Ling · Umbrella Polypore

Polyporus umbellatus

Studies
263
Avg relevance
55
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Wood Ear · Kikurage

Auricularia auricula-judae

Studies
254
Avg relevance
51
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Agarikon · Quinine Conk

Fomitopsis officinalis

Studies
47
Avg relevance
55
Latest
2026
Open record

Articles

17,669 results

Showing 9,9019,950 of 17,669

Medium relevance

Turkey Tail · 2025 · Journal Article · International journal of biological macromolecules

Novel protocol for design of the functional biocatalytic systems composed with laccase supported onto Al2O3-cellulose and Al2O3-chitosan modified electrospun materials.

This article focuses on the combination of several approaches, including innovative synthesis of membrane additives, membrane preparation and modification via electrospinning and enzyme immobilization, in order to produce novel type of biocatalytic systems..

Medium relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2025 · Research Article · ACS omega

One-Health Approach to Managing Aflatoxin-Producing Aspergillus flavus Using Spent Mushroom Substrate of Pleurotus spp.

Food loss represents a critical global concern. Aspergillus flavus is central to this issue, contaminating maize crops with aflatoxins.

Immune support
Medium relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2025 · Journal Article · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

Optimisation of nutritional value, fibre degradation, and microbial diversity in hybrid Pennisetum silage via white-rot fungal fermentation for improved bioresource utilisation

Hybrid Pennisetum, although a high-quality silage feedstock, faces utilisation challenges owing to its high fibre content. This study employed an innovative approach by inoculating white rot fungi prior to aerobic exposure of hybrid Pennisetum silage, aiming to enhance resource utilisation through efficient….

Medium relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2025 · Journal Article · International journal of biological macromolecules

Optimisation of nutritional value, fibre degradation, and microbial diversity in hybrid Pennisetum silage via white-rot fungal fermentation for improved bioresource utilisation.

Hybrid Pennisetum, although a high-quality silage feedstock, faces utilisation challenges owing to its high fibre content. This study employed an innovative approach by inoculating white rot fungi prior to aerobic exposure of hybrid Pennisetum silage, aiming to enhance resource utilisation through efficient….

Medium relevance

Reishi · 2025 · Research Article · Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology

Optimization of the scale-up production process for high-yield laccase from white-rot fungi.

INTRODUCTION: Laccase exhibits significant applications in food additives, wastewater treatment, and biomass processing. Fungal laccase exhibits high activity, good stability, and excellent performance.

Energy & fatigue
Medium relevance

Zhu Ling · 2025 · Research Article · International journal of molecular sciences

Polyporusterone B Alleviates Inflammatory Injury via Suppression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production.

Polyporusterone B, a triterpene carboxylic acid isolated from Polyporus umbellatus Fries, exhibits anti-cancer and anti-hemolytic activities; however, its anti-inflammatory properties and underlying mechanisms remain unelucidated..

OncologyImmune supportLiver supportRespiratory
Medium relevance

Shiitake · 2025 · Research Article · Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

Possibilities of Using the New Lactiplantibacillus plantarum EK11 Strain as a Starter Culture for the Fermentation of the Fruiting Bodies of Edible Mushrooms.

Three popular cultivated mushroom species (Agaricus bisporus, Lentinula edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus) were biopreserved through a directed lactic acid fermentation process. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain EK11 obtained from A..

Gut & microbiome
Medium relevance

Turkey Tail · 2025 · Journal Article · Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia

Potential of lignocellulosic materials (wood and bark) from Ateleia glazioviana and Hovenia dulcis as a natural wood preservative.

The lignocellulosic materials of some plant species are rich in chemical compounds that can serve as a source of natural and environmentally less aggressive biocides for treating wood..

Energy & fatigueGut & microbiome
Medium relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2025 · Journal Article · International journal of biological macromolecules

Preparation and application of laccase-immobilized magnetic biochar for effective degradation of endocrine disruptors: Efficiency and mechanistic analysis.

This study immobilized laccase from Pleurotus ostreatus residue onto magnetic biochar for endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) degradation. The laccase, with a specific activity of 16.9 U/mg and a 45.8 % activity recovery, was immobilized via glutaraldehyde on magnetically modified biochar..

Medium relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2025 · Journal Article · Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies

Process-function assessment of Pleurotus and Auricularia powders as wheat flour substitutes

Mushrooms are underexploited globally, especially in the Americas due to cultural factors. High dietary fiber, phenolic compounds and antioxidants make them promising for improving modern diets.

Medium relevance

Reishi · 2025 · Research Article · Food science & nutrition

Protective Effects of Ganoderma Triterpenoids Supplementation Against Myocardial Injury in Exhaustion Exercise Mice via Regulation of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway.

Exhaustive physical exercise, while promoting cardiovascular fitness, can paradoxically lead to excessive oxidative stress, systemic fatigue, and myocardial injury. Despite increasing awareness of exhaustion exercise myocardial damage, effective preventive strategies remain limited..

OncologyEnergy & fatigue
Medium relevance

Turkey Tail · 2025 · Research Article · Water environment research: a research publication of the Water Environment Federation

Pure mycelium materials production from agri-processing water: Effects of feedstock composition on material properties for packaging applications.

In this work, pure mycelium materials (PMMs) were produced by cultivating fungi Trametes versicolor and Irpex lacteus on lignocellulose-rich agricultural processing water..

Energy & fatigue
Medium relevance

Enoki · 2025 · Research Article · Frontiers in microbiology

Pyrolysis temperature shapes biochar-mediated soil microbial communities and carbon-nitrogen metabolism.

INTRODUCTION: Biochar derived from agricultural residues has potential to improve soil quality and regulate microbial communities, but its effect depends strongly on pyrolysis temperature..

Metabolic health
Medium relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2025 · Journal Article · Soil Science Society of America Journal

Quinone group modified sludge‐based biochar as electron shuttle to enhance the biodegradation of naphthalene in petrochemical contaminated soil

In this study, an electron shuttle, anthraquinone‐2,6‐disulfonate (AQDS), was employed to construct quinone group modified sludge‐based biochar (AQDS‐SBC). The graft of quinone functional groups brought a higher level of aromatic structure and the effect of AQDS‐SBC on the biodegradation of naphthalene was explored..

Medium relevance

Reishi · 2025 · Journal Article · Food Research International

Radioprotective effect of edible and medicinal mushrooms against ionizing radiation: Components, potential mechanisms, and applications

Ionizing radiation can cause severe damage to the body. The use of natural products as radioprotective agents has gained increasing popularity and attention in recent years..

OncologyImmune support
Medium relevance

Reishi · 2025 · Journal Article · Journal of Chromatography A

Rapid and efficient determination of phenylurea herbicides in edible and medicinal herbs by D-SPE method using a microporous metal-organic framework adsorbent

A rapid and efficient method is highly desired for the determination of phenylurea herbicides (PUHs) in edible and medicinal herbs. Herein, we report a dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) method using a metal-organic framework Zn₄O(NTB)₂ as the adsorbent..

Medium relevance

Reishi · 2025 · Journal Article · Journal of chromatography. A

Rapid and efficient determination of phenylurea herbicides in edible and medicinal herbs by D-SPE method using a microporous metal-organic framework adsorbent.

A rapid and efficient method is highly desired for the determination of phenylurea herbicides (PUHs) in edible and medicinal herbs. Herein, we report a dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) method using a metal-organic framework Zn4O(NTB)2 as the adsorbent..

Medium relevance

Reishi · 2025 · Journal Article · Food Research International

Reducing cellular inflammation and oxidation by supercritical CO2 extracts from edible-medicinal mushrooms

Extracts from Hericium erinaceus, Ganoderma lucidum and Tremella fuciformis obtained with supercritical CO₂ showed high cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) when tested on Caco-2 cell cultures. Extract obtained in separator 2 (5 MPa) after 3 h extraction at 30 MPa and 40 °C from G..

Immune support
Medium relevance

Reishi · 2025 · Journal Article · Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)

Reducing cellular inflammation and oxidation by supercritical CO2 extracts from edible-medicinal mushrooms.

Extracts from Hericium erinaceus, Ganoderma lucidum and Tremella fuciformis obtained with supercritical CO2 showed high cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) when tested on Caco-2 cell cultures. Extract obtained in separator 2 (5 MPa) after 3 h extraction at 30 MPa and 40 °C from G..

Immune support
Medium relevance

Reishi · 2025 · Journal Article · Carbohydrate polymers

Refined regulation of polysaccharide biosynthesis in edible and medicinal fungi: From pathways to production

Polysaccharides derived from edible and medicinal fungi (EMF) exhibit various biological activities, rendering them useful in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and food industries..

Immune supportMetabolic health
Medium relevance

Snow Fungus · 2025 · Research Article · Food chemistry: X

Regulation of corn starch on the properties of tremella polysaccharide-egg white protein-orange juice composite gel and its application in 3D printing.

The purpose of this paper was to explore the regulation of corn starch (CS) on tremella fuciformis polysaccharide-egg white protein-orange juice (TFP-EWP-OJ) composite gel to develop a new 3D printing material..

Immune supportEnergy & fatigue
Medium relevance

Reishi · 2025 · Research Article · Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine

Screening and characterization of natural extracts as dual-functional regulators for cardiomyocyte regeneration and cardiac repair.

OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of global mortality, demand novel strategies to enhance cardiac regeneration. While ongoing research has begun to address the critical need for novel therapies aimed at regenerating cardiomyocytes in the context of cardiovascular disease, existing….

Medium relevance

Lion's Mane · 2025 · Research Article · International journal of molecular sciences

Screening of Basidiomycete Strains Capable of Synthesizing Antibacterial and Antifungal Metabolites.

Recently, the search for new antimicrobial compounds, including the secondary metabolites of basidiomycetes, has become increasingly important. Representatives of this division of higher fungi have high biosynthetic abilities, which contributes to their use as producers..

Metabolic health
Medium relevance

Reishi · 2025 · Journal Article · Phytomedicine: international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

Sedative-hypnotic effects of an herbal formulation comprising Ganoderma, Gastrodiae Rhizoma, and Chrysanthemi Flos in mice.

BACKGROUND: The tri-herb formulation GGC, consisting of Ganoderma (GL, the dried fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum), Gastrodiae Rhizoma (GR, the dried tuber of Gastrodia elata), and Chrysanthemi Flos (CF, the dried flower head of Chrysanthemum morifolium), has shown clinical potential for managing sleep disorders..

Immune supportCognition & nerves
Medium relevance

Turkey Tail · 2025 · Research Article · Scientific reports

Silanes for conservation of archaeological woods using modeled birch wood: antifungal, physical-chemical and TGA studies.

Conservation of ancient wooden artifacts, in addition to consolidation advantage, prevent its deterioration over time. In this research, silane consolidants, including methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) with 25 wt% in ethanol were applied under controlled conditions on modeled….

Energy & fatigue
Medium relevance

Reishi · 2025 · Research Article · Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology

Solid-state fermentation of hemp waste: enhancing the performance of Hermetia illucens larvae and altering the composition of hemp secondary metabolites.

Solid-state fermentation (SSF) can increase the nutritional quality of low value substrates for insects. In this study, SSF using different fungal species was applied on a hemp waste substrate, and the fermentation was followed by a black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) feeding experiment during which 300 larvae were grown….

Energy & fatigue
Medium relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2025 · Research Article · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Solid-State Fermentation of Riceberry Rice with Mushroom Mycelium for Enhanced Beta-Glucan Production and Health Applications.

Beta-glucans (β-glucans), polysaccharides found in cereals and fungi, are recognized for their prebiotic and potential anti-cancer activities, particularly in the colorectal area..

OncologyImmune supportEnergy & fatigueGut & microbiome
Medium relevance

Shiitake · 2025 · Journal Article · International journal of biological macromolecules

Spatial double-layer hydrogels enabled visual detection of Cladobotryum mycophilum based on recombinase-aided amplification - CRISPR/Cas12a.

Cladobotryum mycophilum, a pathogen responsible for cobweb disease, caused significant and irreversible losses in the mushroom industry. Effective monitoring and early prevention rely on the development of advanced diagnosis methods.

Medium relevance

Reishi · 2025 · Journal Article · Bioresource Technology Reports

Spent mushroom substrate decorated magnetic graphene oxide (Fe3O4-GO@K2CO3) nanocomposite for clean fuel production from quaternary oil blend

Herein, magnetic (Fe₃O₄) graphene oxide (GO) impregnated with K₂CO₃ (Fe₃O₄-GO@K₂CO₃) was prepared. Graphene oxide was synthesized by oxidation of waste biomass, Ganoderma lucidum spent mushroom substrate powder with ferrocene, followed by its magnetization and impregnation with K₂CO₃..

Energy & fatigue
Medium relevance

Reishi · 2025 · Research Article · Bioactive materials

Spore-inspired inhalation drug delivery system for asthma therapy.

The delivery efficiency of drugs in the lung is crucial for inhaled therapies targeting pulmonary diseases. However, current inhalation carriers face challenges overcoming pulmonary barriers, leading to insufficient delivery efficiency.

Immune supportLiver supportRespiratory
Medium relevance

Yellow Morel · 2025 · Journal Article · Journal of food composition and analysis

State-of-the-art review of morel: From chemistry to nutrition and health benefits

Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. (M.

OncologyImmune supportEnergy & fatigueMetabolic health
Medium relevance

Reishi · 2025 · Journal Article · Carbohydrate research

Structural basis of immunomodulation by edible fungal polysaccharides: From molecular characteristics to action mechanisms

Edible Fungal polysaccharides as Immunomodulators: A Systematic Review at the Crossroads of Immunology, Natural Products Chemistry, and Microbiology. The chemical structure—specifically molecular weight, branching degree, and functional group modifications—directly dictates immunological activity..

OncologyImmune supportCognition & nervesMetabolic health
Medium relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2025 · Journal Article · Journal of Environmental Management

Study on the controlling effect of biochar on heavy metals in the mining-induced subsidence area after gangue reclamation

The gangue reclamation materials employed in mining-induced subsidence areas have potential risks of heavy metal pollution to the mining environment. The agricultural waste biochar can be used as an adsorption material to control the migration of heavy metals..

Medium relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2025 · Journal Article · Journal of environmental management

Study on the controlling effect of biochar on heavy metals in the mining-induced subsidence area after gangue reclamation.

The gangue reclamation materials employed in mining-induced subsidence areas have potential risks of heavy metal pollution to the mining environment. The agricultural waste biochar can be used as an adsorption material to control the migration of heavy metals..

Medium relevance

Enoki · 2025 · Journal Article · Food chemistry

Study on the nutritional relationships in mycelia and fruiting bodies of Hypsizygus marmoreus under defined nutrient conditions.

Edible fungal fruiting bodies develop from mycelia that experienced physiological knotting, establishing a tight nutrient connection between mycelia and fruiting bodies. Despite this connection, limited research has explored this field..

Immune support
Medium relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2025 · Research Article · Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

Supercritical Extraction and Compound Profiling of Diverse Edible Mushroom Species.

Mushrooms are a raw material rich in many nutritional compounds, and that is why a number of them are widely known as functional food. They contain fatty acids, carbohydrates, lycopene, sterols, lovastatin, trace elements, and other valuable compounds that show a wide range of properties, such as hepatoprotective,….

OncologyLiver supportRespiratory
Medium relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2025 · Journal Article · Pest management science

Suppressiveness of spent mushroom substrate amendment against eggplant Verticillium wilt.

BACKGROUND: Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is a devastating soil-borne disease. Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) has shown potential as a soil amendment for controlling soil-borne diseases.

Gut & microbiome
Medium relevance

Turkey Tail · 2025 · Journal Article · Industrial crops and products

Surfactant-assisted foam-forming of high performance ultra-low density structures made from lignocellulosic materials and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)

Bio-based lightweight materials are promising replacements for petroleum-based foams in building and packaging applications. In this work, we developed a surfactant-assisted foam-forming method to manufacture lightweight materials based on lignocellulosic fibers (thermomechanical pulp (TMP), refined wood fibers (RWF)….

Energy & fatigue
Medium relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2025 · Journal Article · Carbohydrate polymers

Sustainable leather alternatives: High-performance and dyeable bio-based materials from fungal chitin and tannic acid

Leather alternatives (LAs) offer a promising solution to address the environmental and ethical concerns associated with traditional leather production relying animal hides and chemical tanning agents..

Energy & fatigue
Medium relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2025 · Journal Article · Carbohydrate polymers

Sustainable leather alternatives: High-performance and dyeable bio-based materials from fungal chitin and tannic acid.

Leather alternatives (LAs) offer a promising solution to address the environmental and ethical concerns associated with traditional leather production relying animal hides and chemical tanning agents..

Energy & fatigue
Medium relevance

Turkey Tail · 2025 · Research Article · Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts

Synergetic effect of fungal pretreatment and lignin modification on delignification and saccharification: a case study of a natural lignin mutant in mulberry.

BACKGROUND: Fungal pretreatment for partial separation of lignocellulosic components may reduce lignocellulose recalcitrance during the production of biofuels and biochemicals..

Medium relevance

Reishi · 2025 · Journal Article · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

Synergistic bio-mechanical pretreatment and fed-batch semi-SSF strategy for enhanced cellulosic ethanol production from ramie straw

The recalcitrant lignocellulosic matrix impedes biorefinery efficiency‌‌. This study developed a mechanical-biological pretreatment combined with fed-batch high-solids semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (S-SSF) strategy for ethanol production from ramie straw..

Metabolic healthGut & microbiome
Medium relevance

Reishi · 2025 · Journal Article · International journal of biological macromolecules

Synergistic bio-mechanical pretreatment and fed-batch semi-SSF strategy for enhanced cellulosic ethanol production from ramie straw.

The recalcitrant lignocellulosic matrix impedes biorefinery efficiency‌‌. This study developed a mechanical-biological pretreatment combined with fed-batch high-solids semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (S-SSF) strategy for ethanol production from ramie straw..

Metabolic healthGut & microbiome
Medium relevance

Reishi · 2025 · Journal Article · Chemico-biological interactions

The anti-Alzheimer's disease effects of ganoderic acid A by inhibiting ferroptosis-lipid peroxidation via activation of the NRF2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system, characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive and memory abilities, social disorders, and behavioral abnormalities. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent type of programmed cell death, is closely associated with the pathogenesis of AD..

Immune supportCognition & nervesEnergy & fatigue
Medium relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2025 · Research Article · Scientific reports

The application of laccase-rich extract of spent mushroom substrates for removing lignin from jute fabric waste: a dual management approach.

Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) represents a growing waste from the mushroom cultivation sector due to increased popularity worldwide. SMS is rich in lignocellulolytic enzymes, allowing it to be recycled..

Medium relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2025 · Journal Article · Industrial crops and products

The design of bidirectional selective hydrolases for lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose through in silico methods

The production of methane from straw lignocellulose is limited by its structure. It is necessary to break the complex structure and prevent the loss of cellulose/hemicellulose by lignin-removing pretreatment..

Cognition & nerves
Medium relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2025 · Research Article · Microorganisms

The Impact of Sugar Beet Seed Pelletization on the Proliferation of Nematophagous Fungi.

Pelleting seeds to enhance sowing conditions through the incorporation of pesticides or fertilizers has become a prevalent agricultural practice. This study sought to evaluate the effect of pelletized seeds and the substances they release in the form of an extract on four species of nematophagous fungi..

Medium relevance

Reishi · 2025 · Research Article · Frontiers in pharmacology

Therapeutic potential of combination medicinal mushrooms (NevG) in ischemic stroke: correlating motor function, cognitive recovery, and hippocampal integrity in MCAO rats.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke is a major neurological disorder that is characterized by cognitive decline and sensorimotor impairment. Despite the potential of therapeutic effects and anti-inflammatory properties of medicinal mushrooms, most current research focuses on single-species effects rather than combined….

Immune supportCognition & nervesEnergy & fatigue
Medium relevance

Reishi · 2025 · Journal Article · Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

Thiazolidinedione-based structure modification of ergosterol peroxide provides thiazolidinedione-conjugated derivatives as potent agents against breast cancer cells through a PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Ergosterol peroxide (EP) is a steroidal compound isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Ganoderma lucidum. However, EP is limited by its solubility and moderate potency in antitumor studies..

OncologyEnergy & fatigue
Medium relevance

Shiitake · 2025 · Journal Article · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

Transcription factors FfMYB9 and FfMYB13 jointly activate the expression of hydrophobin gene FfHyd19 to mediate fruiting body morphogemesis in Flammulina filiformis

Hydrophobins (Hyds) are small cysteine-rich proteins secreted by fungi. Hydrophobin-encoding genes have been demonstrated to play important physiological roles in the fruiting process of macro-fungi..