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Immune supportEnergy & fatigue

Shiitake · 2025 · Journal Article · International journal of biological macromolecules

Development of a multifunctional and sustainable pterostilbene nanoemulsion incorporated chitosan-alginate food packaging film for shiitake mushroom preservation.

The pervasive use of petroleum-based food packaging has caused significant ecological damage due to their unsustainability and non-biodegradability. Polysaccharide-based biodegradable materials are promising alternatives, but low hydrophobicity and functional properties limit their practical applications which can be….

Immune supportMetabolic healthGut & microbiome

Cordyceps · 2025 · Research Article · Metabolites

Effects of Cordyceps cicadae Polysaccharide on Gut Microbiota, the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier, and Inflammation in Diabetic Mice.

Background: Polysaccharides produced by the edible fungus Cordyceps cicadae can regulate blood sugar levels and may represent a suitable candidate for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. However, there is limited information available about the mechanism of how C..

Shiitake · 2025 · Research Article · Ultrasonics sonochemistry

Impact of combined ultrasonic and microwave vacuum drying on physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of polysaccharides from shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes).

In this study, ultrasonic technology was combined with microwave vacuum drying technology to explore the impacts of different coupling methods (ultrasonic pretreatment and ultrasonic coupled drying) on the structural characterisation and physicochemical properties of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) polysaccharides….

Immune supportMetabolic healthRespiratory

Cordyceps · 2025 · Journal Article · Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis

Integrating proteomics, metabolomics, and network pharmacology to investigate the mechanism of Cordyceps sinensis in the treatment of COPD rats.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes significant morbidity and mortality, ranking as the third leading cause of death globally. Cordyceps sinensis (C..

Immune supportMetabolic healthGut & microbiome

Cordyceps · 2025 · Journal Article · Carbohydrate polymers

Metabolic outcomes of Cordyceps fungus and Goji plant polysaccharides during in vitro human fecal fermentation.

This study was to assess the digestion and colonic fermentation of two bioactive polysaccharides, EPS-LM and LBPS, and the subsequent influences on human gut microbiota through simulated gastrointestinal systems..

Immune supportMetabolic health

Oyster Mushroom · 2025 · Journal Article · International journal of medicinal mushrooms

Microencapsulation of Abalone Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus cystidiosus (Agaricomycetes): Antidiabetic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model.

Pleurotus cystidiosus (abalone oyster mushroom) is an edible species that belongs to the group of woody mushrooms from the Pleurotaceae family. This mushroom contains bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, rutin, quercetin, and triterpenoids that act as antidiabetics and anti-inflammatory….

Immune supportSkin & hydration

Reishi · 2025 · Journal Article · Fitoterapia

One new polyketide and four new sesquiterpenes derivatives from the fungicolous fungi aspergillus nidulans LZ8 of Ganoderma lingzhi.

One new polyketide asperfuranone D (1), four new sesquiterpenes derivatives aspergillone C-F (2-5) and three known compounds (6-8) were successfully isolated from Aspergillus nidulans LZ8, a fungicolous fungi from the macrofungal Ganoderma lingzhi..

Oyster Mushroom · 2025 · Research Article · Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui)

Oyster mushroom fermented Vachellia erioloba pods as replacement for wheat bran in broiler diets: Physiology and meat physicochemical and nutritional quality.

High feed costs and compromised meat quality are among the major issues perturbing the global broiler industry. This study therefore investigated Vachellia erioloba pods-derived oyster mushroom spent substrate (OMSS) as a potential nutraceutical feed ingredient to replace wheat bran for enhancing meat quality in….

Immune supportCognition & nerves

Cordyceps · 2025 · Journal Article · Pesticide biochemistry and physiology

Silencing the β-glucan recognition protein enhanced the pathogenicity of Cordyceps fumosorose against Hyphantria cunea Drury larvae.

The β-glucan recognition protein (βGRP) plays a crucial role in pathogen recognition by insects, thereby activating their innate immunity. However, the immune response of βGRP in Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an invasive pest of forests and agriculture, to pathogens remains unclear..

Immune supportGut & microbiomeSkin & hydration

Shiitake · 2025 · Journal Article · Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

Structural Dynamics, Gut Microbiota Modulation, and Immunological Impacts of Shiitake Mushroom β-Glucan during In Vitro Intestinal Fermentation.

This study investigated the structure-function relationship of shiitake β-glucan (SBG) through simulated digestion and colonic fermentation. SBG, composed of β-(1 → 3)-linked glucan backbones with β-(1 → 6)-linked side chains, exhibited notable resistance to enzymatic and acidic degradation in the upper….

Cordyceps · 2025 · Research Article · ACS omega

The Effect of Cordyceps sinensis Polysaccharide Combined with Cisplatin on LLC1 Lung Cancer.

Although cisplatin (DDP) is commonly used in the clinical treatment of lung cancer, the associated side effects remained serious. Chinese medicine can be used to increase the sensitivity of the body to antitumor drugs while reducing their adverse effects..

Immune supportGut & microbiomeSkin & hydration

Reishi · 2025 · Journal Article · Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

The fungal protein Lingzhi-8 ameliorates psoriasis-like dermatitis in mice through gut CD103+ tolerogenic dendritic cells, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2, and Dectin-1.

The gut CD103+ tolerogenic dendritic cells play a key role in maintaining immune balance by inducing oral tolerance, which has been implied in reducing autoimmunity..

Immune supportMetabolic healthRespiratory

Cordyceps · 2025 · Journal Article · Journal of Asian natural products research

Therapeutic potential of Cordyceps sinensis targeting oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the treatment of COPD rats: insights from metabolomics analysis.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of wild Cordyceps sinensis on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rats through metabolomics approach, combined with biochemical parameters evaluations. Consequently, C.

OncologyImmune supportLiver support

Cordyceps · 2024 · Journal Article · Archives of microbiology

A rho-type GTPase activating protein affects the growth and development of Cordyceps cicadae.

Cordyceps cicadae is recognized for its medicinal properties, attributed to bioactive constituents like polysaccharides and adenosine, which have been shown to improve kidney and liver functions and possess anti-tumor properties..

Immune supportEnergy & fatigue

Cordyceps · 2024 · Research Article · Nutrients

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cordyceps Cs-HK1 Fungus Exopolysaccharide on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway.

Chronic inflammation is a common factor in the pathological processes of multiple human diseases. EPS-LM, an exopolysaccharide (EPS) from the Cordyceps sinensis fungus Cs-HK1, has shown notable anti-inflammatory activities in previous studies..

Immune supportEnergy & fatigueMetabolic healthSkin & hydration

Cordyceps · 2024 · Research Article · Chinese herbal medicines

Chemical components in cultivated Cordyceps sinensis and their effects on fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE: Cultivated Cordyceps sinensis powder has been used as clinical drug and healthy food to nourish the lung and kidney, which solves the problem of serious shortage of wild C. sinensis.

Immune supportEnergy & fatigueRespiratory

Agarikon · 2024 · Research Article · Journal of traditional and complementary medicine

Chemical profiling and mechanisms of Agarikon pill in a rat model of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Agarikon pill (AGKP), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, and has been used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment clinically. However, the active components and exact pharmacological mechanisms are still unclear..

Immune supportEnergy & fatigueSkin & hydration

Cordyceps · 2024 · Research Article · Immunity, inflammation and disease

Cordyceps cicadae ameliorates inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and fibrosis by targeting the PI3K/mTOR-mediated autophagy pathway in the renal of MRL/lpr mice.

BACKGROUND: The vast majority of systemic lupus erythematosus patients develop lupus nephritis (LN) with severe renal manifestations, such as inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and fibrosis..

Cordyceps · 2024 · Journal Article · International immunopharmacology

Cordyceps protein alleviates renal injury by inhibiting T cell infiltration and Th1 cell differentiation in lupus nephritis mice.

BACKGROUND: T cell infiltration and differentiation play a central part in the development of lupus nephritis (LN). Our prior research has indicated that protein, the primary active component of cordyceps (WCP), a traditional Chinese medicine, possesses properties that can enhance renal fibrosis and provide kidney….

Cordyceps · 2024 · Journal Article · Aging

Cordyceps sinensis extract protects against acute kidney injury by inhibiting perforin expression in NK cells via the STING/IRF3 pathway.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with immune cell activation and inflammation. However, the putative pathogenic mechanisms of this injury have not been thoroughly investigated.

Cordyceps · 2024 · Research Article · Chinese medicine

Cordyceps sinensis relieves non-small cell lung cancer by inhibiting the MAPK pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the pharmacodynamic mechanism underlying Cordyceps sinensis relief in a murine model of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: We created a murine model of NSCLC and studied the potential molecular mechanism by which C..

Nameko · 2024 · Research Article · Food science and biotechnology

Effect of ultrahigh pressure processing (UHP) on physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity of insoluble dietary fiber from Pholiota nameko.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ultrahigh pressure processing (UHP) of 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 MPa for 20, 40 and 30 min on physicochemical and bioactive properties of the insoluble dietary fiber Pholiota nameko (PN-IDF)..

Reishi · 2024 · Journal Article · Journal of Asian natural products research

Ganonorsterone A, a norsteroid from the medicinal fungus Ganoderma lingzhi.

Phytochemical investigation on the fruiting bodies of the medicinal fungus Ganoderma lingzhi led to the isolation of a new norsteroid, namely ganonorsterone A (1), together with one known steroid, cyathisterol (2)..

Immune supportEnergy & fatigueGut & microbiome

Cordyceps · 2024 · Journal Article · International journal of biological macromolecules

Investigation of cellular uptake and transport capacity of Cordyceps sinensis exopolysaccharide‑selenium nanoparticles with different particle sizes in Caco-2 cell monolayer.

Cordyceps sinensis exopolysaccharide‑selenium nanoparticles (EPS-SeNPs) were successfully constructed, characterized, and its Se release kinetics and mechanism were also evaluated in our previous studies. However, the intestinal cellular uptake and transport capacities of EPS-SeNPs remain unknown..

Immune supportMetabolic healthGut & microbiome

Cordyceps · 2024 · Journal Article · Carbohydrate polymers

Metabolic outcomes of Cordyceps fungus and Goji plant polysaccharides during in vitro human fecal fermentation

Immune supportSkin & hydration

Cordyceps · 2024 · Journal Article · Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis

Metabolites analysis and new bioactive compounds from the medicine food homology product of Cordyceps chanhua on artificial media.

Cordyceps chanhua on artificial media has been approved as a medicine food homology product. However, the metabolites have not been extensively studied.

Cordyceps · 2024 · Journal Article · Journal of ethnopharmacology

Multi-omics reveals the testosterone promotion effect mechanism of Cordyceps Sobolifera on Leydig cells.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cordyceps sobolifera (CS) has been traditionally utilized as an ethnic remedy for various health conditions, including chronic kidney diseases, anti-fatigue interventions, and management of chronic inflammation..

Nameko · 2024 · Journal Article · Journal of environmental management

Performance of co-composting Pholiota nameko spent mushroom substrate and pig manure at different proportions: Chemical properties and humification process.

Co-composting is the controlled aerobic degradation of organics, using more than one feedstock. By combining the spent mushroom substrate of Pholiota nameko (SMS) and pig manure (PM), the benefits of each could be used to optimize the composting process and the final product..

Cordyceps · 2024 · Research Article · International journal of molecular sciences

RNA-Seq-Based Transcriptome Analysis of Chinese Cordyceps Aqueous Extracts Protective Effect against Adriamycin-Induced mpc5 Cell Injury.

Pharmacogenomic analysis based on drug transcriptome characteristics is widely used to identify mechanisms of action. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism of protective effect against adriamycin (ADM)-induced mpc5 cell injury of Chinese cordyceps aqueous extracts (WCCs) by a systematic….

Cordyceps · 2024 · Research Article · Frontiers in microbiology

Roles of CcDFR and CcOMT9 in the cyanidin biosynthesis and development of Cordyceps cicadae.

INTRODUCTION: Cordyceps cicadae is a traditional Chinese medicinal fungus known for its rich production of bioactive substances, particularly cyanidin, an anthocyanin commonly found in plants with notable anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antiviral, and antibacterial properties..

Immune supportMetabolic healthGut & microbiomeLiver support

Cordyceps · 2024 · Journal Article · International journal of biological macromolecules

The "crosstalk" between gut microbiota, metabolites and genes in diet-induced hepatic steatosis mice intervened with Cordyceps guangdongensis polysaccharides.

Cordyceps guangdongensis, a novel edible mushroom in China, has shown many positive health effects. In this study, we extracted the C.

Immune supportCognition & nervesGut & microbiome

Cordyceps · 2024 · Journal Article · International journal of biological macromolecules

The effects of Cordyceps polysaccharides on ischemic brain injury in rats via intervening with IL-23/IL-17 axis and the intestinal barrier.

Cordyceps polysaccharide (CSP) has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, with potential applications in ischemic stroke. This work is to explore the interventional potential of CSP in MCAO rats and the effects on the intestinal and cerebral IL-23/IL-17 axis..

Immune supportEnergy & fatigue

Cordyceps · 2024 · Journal Article · Journal of ethnopharmacology

The protective role of Cordyceps cicadae and its active ingredient myriocin against sodium iodate-induced age-related macular degeneration via an anti-necroptotic TNF-RIPK1/3 pathway.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cordyceps cicadae (C.cicadae), named "Chan Hua", an anamorph of Isaria cicadae Miquel, is an entomogenous complex formed by fungi parasitizing on the larvae of cicadas and belongs to the Claviciptaceae family and the genus Codyceps, which traditionally holds a significant place in….

Immune supportMetabolic health

Cordyceps · 2024 · Journal Article · Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry

Tissue distribution of metabolites in Cordyceps cicadae determined by DESI-MSI analysis.

In this paper, we establish an in situ visualization analysis method to image the spatial distribution of metabolites in different parts (sclerotium, coremium) and different microregions of Cordyceps cicadae (C..

OncologyImmune supportMetabolic healthGut & microbiome

Cordyceps · 2024 · Journal Article · The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology

Wild Cordyceps proteins reinforce intestinal epithelial barrier through MAPK/NF-κB pathway in MRL/lpr mice.

OBJECTIVES: The effects of wild Cordyceps proteins (WCPs) on the gut microbiota and the immune system of MRL/lpr mice were studied. METHODS: The effects of WCP on serum metabolic indexes (total triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) content was….

Oyster Mushroom · 2023 · Review · International journal of medicinal mushrooms

Examining the Cultivation, Degradation Characteristics and Health Effects of the Golden Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus citrinopileatus (Agaricomycetes): A Review.

Pleurotus citrinopileatus, also known as golden oyster mushroom, is a newly industrialized edible mushroom mainly distributed in East Asia. It is a kind of saprophytic edible fungus with strong degradation characteristics, commonly found on fallen trees and stumps of broad-leaf tree species..

Cordyceps · 2023 · Review · Journal of inflammation research

Research Progress of Cordyceps sinensis and Its Fermented Mycelium Products on Ameliorating Renal Fibrosis by Reducing Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition.

Renal fibrosis is a hallmark and common outcome of various chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) and manifests pathologically as accumulation and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the kidney. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to be an important mechanism involved in renal fibrosis..

Cordyceps · 2020 · Journal Article · International journal of biological macromolecules

Polysaccharides from Cordyceps miltaris cultured at different pH: Sugar composition and antioxidant activity.

In the study, the β-glucan content, the primary structure and the antioxidant capacity of polysaccharides in Cordyceps militaris cultivated with different initial growth pH were evaluated. Meanwhile, the mechanism of β-glucan biosynthesis was investigated by RNA-Seq.

Immune supportMetabolic health

Maitake · 2020 · Journal Article · International journal of biological macromolecules

Purification, isolation, and structure characterization of water soluble and insoluble polysaccharides from Maitake fruiting body.

The crude polysaccharides (GFP) were isolated from the Maitake fruiting body (Grifola frondosa) and purified by DEAE Cellulose-52 ionic-exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-25 gel filtration chromatography in that order. Five main fractions, GFP-1 to GFP-5 were obtained through the isolation and purification steps..

Maitake · 2019 · Journal Article · International immunopharmacology

Maturation of dendritic cells by maitake α-glucan enhances anti-cancer effect of dendritic cell vaccination.

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a primary role in antigen presentation to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and induce acquired immune response against cancer cells. Therefore, determining positive modulators of DC activation to improve therapeutic approaches for cancer immunotherapy is greatly needed..

OncologyImmune support

Maitake · 2018 · Research Article · Oncotarget

Antitumoral and antimetastatic activity of Maitake D-Fraction in triple-negative breast cancer cells.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with poor prognosis, high local recurrence rate and high rate of metastasis compared with other breast cancer subtypes. In addition, TNBC lacks a targeted therapy.

OncologyImmune supportGut & microbiomeLiver support

Maitake · 2017 · Research Article · PloS one

Antitumor activity of orally administered maitake α-glucan by stimulating antitumor immune response in murine tumor.

Maitake α-glucan, YM-2A, isolated from Grifola frondosa, has been characterized as a highly α-1,6-branched α-1,4 glucan. YM-2A has been shown to possess an anti-virus effect in mice; however, it does not directly inhibit growth of the virus in vitro, indicating that the anti-virus effect of YM-2A might be associated….

Immune supportCognition & nervesRespiratory

Shiitake · 2017 · Other · Food & nutrition research

Lentinula edodes β-glucan enriched diet induces pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages in rabbit.

β-glucans exhibited in cell walls of several pathogens as bacteria or fungi are sensed by pathogen recognition receptors such as scavenger receptors present in antigen presenting cells, i.e., macrophages. β-glucans obtained from Shiitake mushrooms were chemically characterized..

OncologyImmune supportLiver support

Shiitake · 2026 · Review · Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces

Comprehensive mechanisms and advanced delivery strategies of lentinan in antitumor therapy: A review.

Lentinan (LNT) is a bioactive polysaccharide derived from shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes). It exhibits a unique triple-helix structure and specific glycosidic bonds, which confer exceptional water solubility and gel-forming properties..

Immune supportCognition & nervesEnergy & fatigueRespiratory

King Oyster · 2026 · Review · Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

Neuroprotection in the age of emerging infections: The untapped power of medicinal mushrooms.

Infections affecting the nervous system require a rapid expansion of effective therapeutic strategies. The emergence of new viral pathogens continues to pose a substantial threat to brain health worldwide, as evidenced by the recent pandemic..

Cordyceps · 2025 · Review · Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

Chemistry and Biology of Ustiloxin Analogs as Mycotoxins.

Ustiloxin analogs, including ustiloxins and phomopsins, are a group of cyclopeptide mycotoxins produced by fungi. They are a 13-membered macrocyclic ring and an ether linkage between tyrosine and isoleucine as the core structure.

Immune supportCognition & nervesMetabolic healthGut & microbiome

Cordyceps · 2025 · Review · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Fungal Polysaccharides as Modulators of Molecular Pathways in Liver Health.

Fungal polysaccharides represent a structurally diverse group of bioactive compounds with increasing recognition for their hepatoprotective potential. This review synthesizes current evidence on their roles in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases, including alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), metabolic….

King Oyster · 2025 · Review · Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

Fungal Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks: Challenges and Opportunities in Lignin Degradation, Structural Polysaccharide Preservation, and Conversion into Ruminant Feed.

This review provides a comprehensive meta-summary of recent literature on fungal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB), emphasizing selective lignin degradation and polysaccharide preservation to improve the nutritive value of treated biomass for ruminant nutrition..