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Species records

Species record

Oyster Mushroom

Pleurotus ostreatus

Studies
1,947
Avg relevance
53
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Reishi · Lingzhi

Ganoderma lucidum

Studies
1,830
Avg relevance
60
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Turkey Tail · Yun Zhi

Trametes versicolor

Studies
1,828
Avg relevance
41
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Shiitake · Hua Gu

Lentinula edodes

Studies
1,766
Avg relevance
60
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Cordyceps · Scarlet Club

Cordyceps militaris

Studies
1,635
Avg relevance
67
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Cordyceps · Caterpillar Fungus

Ophiocordyceps sinensis

Studies
1,576
Avg relevance
59
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Almond Mushroom · ABM

Agaricus blazei

Studies
1,441
Avg relevance
54
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Enoki · Winter Mushroom

Flammulina velutipes

Studies
1,403
Avg relevance
47
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

King Oyster · Eryngii

Pleurotus eryngii

Studies
1,278
Avg relevance
60
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Maitake · Hen of the Woods

Grifola frondosa

Studies
1,276
Avg relevance
48
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Snow Fungus · Silver Ear

Tremella fuciformis

Studies
1,052
Avg relevance
29
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Lion's Mane · Yamabushitake

Hericium erinaceus

Studies
862
Avg relevance
67
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Chaga

Inonotus obliquus

Studies
738
Avg relevance
65
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Mesima · Sanghwang

Phellinus linteus

Studies
722
Avg relevance
58
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Niu-Chang-Chih

Antrodia camphorata

Studies
496
Avg relevance
63
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Nameko · Nametake

Pholiota microspora

Studies
421
Avg relevance
29
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Yellow Morel

Morchella esculenta

Studies
392
Avg relevance
42
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Zhu Ling · Umbrella Polypore

Polyporus umbellatus

Studies
263
Avg relevance
55
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Wood Ear · Kikurage

Auricularia auricula-judae

Studies
254
Avg relevance
51
Latest
2026
Open record

Species record

Agarikon · Quinine Conk

Fomitopsis officinalis

Studies
47
Avg relevance
55
Latest
2026
Open record

Articles

17,669 results

Showing 3,4013,450 of 17,669

High relevance

Reishi · 2023 · Journal Article · Journal of biosciences

Pathway analysis of host responses to dengue virus serotype 2 infection and inhibition of viral envelope protein by naringenin from Ganoderma lucidum.

Dengue fever cases are spiking over the last two decades. Incessant efforts are still being made to gain deeper insights on this arboviral disease and to identify bioactive antivirals..

Energy & fatigueRespiratory
High relevance

Almond Mushroom · 2023 · Journal Article · International journal of biological macromolecules

Pentacyclic triterpene-loaded emulsion stabilized by Agaricus blazei Murill polysaccharides: Factorial design and cytoprotection study.

In this study, pentacyclic triterpene-loaded emulsions were stabilized by polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei Murill mushroom (PAb). The drug-excipient compatibility results by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed the absence of physicochemical….

OncologyImmune supportEnergy & fatigue
High relevance

Snow Fungus · 2023 · Journal Article · Food Hydrocolloids

Phase behavior and complex coacervation of whey protein isolate-Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide solution

Different methods were used to monitor transformations and protein-polysaccharide complexes formation resulting from the interaction of whey protein isolate (WPI) and Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (TPS) over the pH range of 2.0–7.0..

Immune supportEnergy & fatigueSkin & hydration
High relevance

Enoki · 2023 · Research Article · Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)

Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase: A Key Gene for Color Discrimination of Edible Mushroom Flammulina velutipes.

In nature; Flammulina velutipes, also known as winter mushrooms, vary in the color of their fruiting bodies, from black, yellow, pale yellow, or beige to white. The purpose of this study was to compare the genome sequences of different colored strains of F..

High relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2023 · Journal Article · International journal of biological macromolecules

Physicochemical properties and protective effects on UVA-induced photoaging in Hs68 cells of Pleurotus ostreatus polysaccharides by fractional precipitation.

The development of natural ingredients protecting skin from UVA-induced photoaging is widely expected. The present study investigated the physicochemical properties, antioxidant, moisturizing, collagenase and elastase inhibitory activities, and protective effect on UVA-induced photoaging in Hs68 cells of Pleurotus….

Immune supportSkin & hydration
High relevance

Shiitake · 2023 · Research Article · Food science & nutrition

Physicochemical, sensory, and antioxidant characteristics of stirred-type yogurt enriched with Lentinula edodes stipe powder.

The Lentinula edodes stipe (LES), a by-product of L. edodes fruiting body processing, is rich in dietary fiber, protein, and polysaccharides, which can be served as the functional ingredient in dairy products..

Immune support
High relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2023 · Journal Article · Letters in applied microbiology

Physiological function of hydrophobin Vmh3 in lignin degradation by white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus.

Hydrophobins are small-secreted proteins comprising both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts, that can self-assemble into an amphiphilic film at the air-liquid interface. More than 20 hydrophobin genes have been estimated in the white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus..

High relevance

Turkey Tail · 2023 · Journal Article · Biodegradation

Plasticizer phthalate esters degradation with a laccase from Trametes versicolor: effects of TEMPO used as a mediator and estrogenic activity removal.

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are toxic and persistent chemicals that are ubiquitous in the environment and have attracted worldwide attention due to their threats to the environment and human health. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) is a relatively simple structure and one of the most observed PAEs in the environment..

High relevance

Chaga · 2023 · Journal Article · Microbial pathogenesis

Polysaccharide from fermented mycelium of Inonotus obliquus attenuates the ulcerative colitis and adjusts the gut microbiota in mice.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the colon. Polysaccharides not only have biological activities but also can regulate gut microbiota to alleviate the symptoms of UC..

OncologyImmune supportMetabolic healthGut & microbiome
High relevance

Enoki · 2023 · Journal Article · International journal of biological macromolecules

Polysaccharide from Flammulina velutipes residues protects mice from Pb poisoning by activating Akt/GSK3β/Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway and modulating gut microbiota.

Lead (Pb) can cause damages to the brain, liver, kidney, endocrine and other systems. Flammulina velutipes residues polysaccharide (FVRP) has been reported to exhibit anti-heavy metal toxicity on yeast, but its regulating mechanism is unclear..

OncologyImmune supportCognition & nervesGut & microbiome
High relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2023 · Journal Article · Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia

Possible effects of different types of agricultural wastes on food security and mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) production.

One of the new waters, and environmentally friendly agriculture initiatives in Peru is to encourage the utilization of agricultural waste, because low agricultural output is a threat to food security there..

Gut & microbiome
High relevance

Cordyceps · 2023 · Research Article · Frontiers in immunology

Potential bioactivities via anticancer, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties of cultured mycelial enriched β-D-glucan polysaccharides from a novel fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis OS8.

BACKGROUND: Ophiocordyceps sinensis is well-known worldwide as a traditional medicine. An alternative natural source of O.

OncologyImmune supportGut & microbiome
High relevance

Enoki · 2023 · Journal Article · Food chemistry

Preparation and characterization of a novel intelligent starch/gelatin binary film containing purple sweet potato anthocyanins for Flammulina velutipes mushroom freshness monitoring.

In this study, intelligent food package was developed and characterized by loading purple sweet potato polyphenolic extract (SPS) into starch/gelatin film. The application of this film in indicating the freshness of Flammulina velutipes was also determined..

High relevance

Reishi · 2023 · Research Article · Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

Preparation and Characterization of Multilayer pH-Responsive Hydrogel Loaded Ganoderma lucidum Peptides.

To develop a safe, targeted, and efficient assembly of a stable polypeptide delivery system, in this work, chitosan, sodium alginate, and sodium tripolyphosphate were used as materials for the preparation of hydrogels. M-SCT hydrogels were prepared by ionic gelation and the layer-by-layer (LBL) method..

Gut & microbiomeLiver support
High relevance

Maitake · 2023 · Research Article · Frontiers in chemistry

Preparation and structural analysis of fucomannogalactan and β-1,6-glucan from Grifola frondosa mycelium.

Introduction: Polysaccharides, key components present in Grifola frondosa, can be divided into those derived from fruiting bodies, mycelium, and fermentation broth based on their source. The structure of G.

Immune support
High relevance

Reishi · 2023 · Research Article · Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

Preparation of Ganoderma Lucidum Bran-Based Biological Activated Carbon for Dual-Functional Adsorption and Detection of Copper Ions.

In this paper, Ganoderma lucidum bran was explored as the precursor to fabricate biomass activated carbon. When potassium hydroxide was selected as an activator (1:6, mass ratio of AC-12 to potassium hydroxide), and the activation condition was 700 °C at 5 h, the highest specific surface area reached 3147 m2 g-1..

High relevance

Enoki · 2023 · Research Article · Food science & nutrition

Prevention of quality characteristic decline in freeze-thawed cultured large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) using flammulina velutipes polysaccharide.

To investigate the cryoprotective effect of flammulina velutipes polysaccharide (FVP) on the quality characteristics in freeze-thawed cultured large yellow croaker, 0.050%, 0.075%, and 0.100% FVP was used before freezing and the quality after thawing was compared with water soaking (WS) and commercial cryoprotectant….

Immune supportEnergy & fatigue
High relevance

Shiitake · 2023 · Journal Article · Journal of the science of food and agriculture

Preventive and synbiotic effects of the soluble dietary fiber obtained from Lentinula edodes byproducts and Lactobacillus plantarum LP90 against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice.

BACKGROUND: Soluble dietary fiber (SDF) obtained from Lentinula edodes byproducts has beneficial effects on human intestinal health. This study aimed to examine the combined preventive and ameliorative effects of a kind of synbiotic (SDF with a molecular weight of 1.58 × 102 kDa and Lactobacillus plantarum LP90 (LP)….

OncologyImmune supportGut & microbiome
High relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2023 · Journal Article · Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

PriA is involved in Pleurotus ostreatus development and defense against Pseudomonas tolaasii.

Pleurotus ostreatus is a crucial commercial mushroom widely cultivated for diverse uses. Scientists have worked on breeding disease-resistant and high-yielding varieties to secure food supply..

High relevance

Maitake · 2023 · Research Article · International journal of molecular sciences

Probiotics-Fermented Grifola frondosa Total Active Components: Better Antioxidation and Microflora Regulation for Alleviating Alcoholic Liver Damage in Mice.

Alcoholic liver damage is caused by long-term drinking, and it further develops into alcoholic liver diseases. In this study, we prepared a probiotic fermentation product of Grifola frondosa total active components (PFGF) by fermentation with Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Pediococcus….

Immune supportGut & microbiomeLiver support
High relevance

Shiitake · 2023 · Journal Article · Current microbiology

Production of Extracellular Enzymes by Lentinula edodes Strains in Solid-State Fermentation on Lignocellulosic Biomass Sterilized by Physical and Chemical Methods.

Two methods of sterilization of lignocellulosic biomass were performed in this study. Eucalypt waste (EW) supplemented with rice bran (RB) was added in the proportions 80:20 and 90:10 in dry weight.

Energy & fatigue
High relevance

Reishi · 2023 · Journal Article · Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia

Production of mycelial biomass, proteases and protease inhibitors by Ganoderma lucidum under different submerged fermentation conditions.

Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom widely recognized as a source of biomolecules with pharmacological properties, however, little is known about the factors that influence the synthesis of bioactive proteins by this fungus when cultivated under submerged fermentation..

Metabolic health
High relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2023 · Research Article · Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

Properties of Yogurts Enriched with Crude Polysaccharides Extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivated Mushroom.

Increasingly, consumers are looking for products with specific nutritional and health-promoting properties. The answer of the producers for this demand is fortified food.

Immune support
High relevance

Reishi · 2023 · Journal Article · Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)

Protective Effect of Ganoderma lucidum Spore Powder on Acute Liver Injury in Mice and its Regulation of Gut Microbiota.

BACKGROUND: Ganoderma lucidum spore powder (GLSP) has abundant pharmacological activities. However, the difference in the hepatoprotective function of sporoderm-broken and sporoderm-unbroken Ganoderma spore powder has not been studied..

OncologyImmune supportGut & microbiomeLiver support
High relevance

Reishi · 2023 · Research Article · ACS omega

Proteoglycan Extracted from Ganoderma lucidum Ameliorated Diabetes-Induced Muscle Atrophy via the AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro.

Muscle atrophy often occurs in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and leads to an increase in physical disability and insulin resistance. However, there are very few studies that have investigated potential natural products used for this condition.

Immune supportEnergy & fatigueMetabolic health
High relevance

Zhu Ling · 2023 · Research Article · Frontiers in microbiology

PuCRZ1, an C2H2 transcription factor from Polyporus umbellatus, positively regulates mycelium response to osmotic stress.

Polyporus umbellatus is an edible and medicinal mushroom with the capacity to produce sclerotia. However, the mechanism of P.

High relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2023 · Journal Article · Applied biochemistry and biotechnology

Purification and Characterization of Class III Lipase from a White-Rot Fungus Pleurotus ostreatus.

Pleurotus ostreatus is an edible white-rot fungus with lignocellulosic biomass degrading enzymes that have been studied extensively. However, until now, lipolytic enzymes from P.

High relevance

Shiitake · 2023 · Research Article · RSC advances

Pyrrole alkaloids from the fruiting bodies of edible mushroom Lentinula edodes.

Nine pyrrole alkaloid derivatives, including four new ones (1-4), were isolated from the wild mushroom Lentinula edodes for the first time. Their chemical structures were determined using UV-Vis spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, MS, NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques..

OncologyImmune supportLiver support
High relevance

Reishi · 2023 · Research Article · Frontiers in plant science

Quality control of Ganoderma lucidum by using C, H, O, and N stable isotopes and C and N contents for geographical traceability.

RATIONALE: Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is a popular medicinal fungus that has been used in traditional medicine for decades, with its provenance influencing its medicinal and commercial worth.

High relevance

Lion's Mane · 2023 · Research Article · Journal of pharmaceutical analysis

Quantitative estimation of enzymatic released specific oligosaccharides from Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides using CE-LIF.

Polysaccharides exhibit multiple pharmacological activities which are closely related to their structural features. Therefore, quantitatively quality control of polysaccharides based on their chemical characteristics is important for their application in biomedical and functional food sciences..

Immune supportEnergy & fatigueGut & microbiome
High relevance

Turkey Tail · 2023 · Research Article · Scientific reports

Removal of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) from the environment by Trametes versicolor: a simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly method.

Nanotechnology has increased the release of nanoparticles into the environment, which poses a risk to human health and the ecosystem. Therefore, finding ways to eliminate these hazardous particles from the environment is crucial..

High relevance

Snow Fungus · 2023 · Journal Article · International journal of biological macromolecules

Rheological and microstructural properties of polysaccharide obtained from the gelatinous Tremella fuciformis fungus.

The gelatinous feature of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (TFP) has attracted growing interest in its application as a thickening agent in the food industry. This study aims to reveal the microstructure and rheological properties of TFP..

Immune support
High relevance

Shiitake · 2023 · Journal Article · Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + [i.e. und] Technologie. Food science + technology. Science + technologie alimentaire

Saltiness enhancing peptides isolated from enzymolysis extract of Lentinula edodes and their taste enhancing action mechanisms

The purpose of this study was to identify saltiness-enhancing peptides from continuous enzymolysis extract of Lentinula edodes by gel filtration chromatography (GFC), LC-MS/MS, virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, electronic tongue analysis, and sensory evaluation..

High relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2023 · Research Article · Biochemistry research international

Screening of Antimicrobial Properties and Bioactive Compounds of Pleurotus Ostreatus Extracts against Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia coli, and Neisseria Gonorrhoeae.

In recent years, the potential of pathogenic bacteria to acquire resistance to a variety of antimicrobial drugs has developed significantly due to the indiscriminate exposure of a number of antibiotic compounds..

High relevance

Niu-Chang-Chih · 2023 · Research Article · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Selenium Enrichment of the Edible Medicinal Mushroom Antrodia camphorata by Submerged Fermentation.

Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient element in human physiological metabolism and immune function. Supplementation of bioavailable Se will confer benefit on human life, especially when intake of this nutrient is inadequate..

Immune support
High relevance

Reishi · 2023 · Journal Article · International journal of biological macromolecules

Significance of culture period on the physiochemistry and anti-cancer potentials of polysaccharides from mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum.

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GPS) have many functions. Polysaccharides are abundant in G.

OncologyImmune supportMetabolic healthSkin & hydration
High relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2023 · Research Article · International journal of molecular sciences

Silencing of the Laccase (lacc2) Gene from Pleurotus ostreatus Causes Important Effects on the Formation of Toxocyst-like Structures and Fruiting Body.

A wide variety of biological functions, including those involved in the morphogenesis process of basidiomycete fungi, have been attributed to laccase enzymes. In this work, RNA interference (RNAi) was used to evaluate the role of the laccase (lacc2) gene of Pleurotus ostreatus PoB..

High relevance

Snow Fungus · 2023 · Research Article · Current research in food science

Stability and flavor of set yogurt fortified with Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide during cold storage.

Tremella fuciformis is an edible and medicinal fungus containing excellent nutritional value. T.

Immune support
High relevance

Snow Fungus · 2023 · Research Article · Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

Structural Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis on Monosodium Urate-Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages.

The structural characteristics and anti-inflammatory activity of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides (TFPs) were investigated. The study showed that TFPs were mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose, and fucose..

Immune supportEnergy & fatigueMetabolic health
High relevance

Lion's Mane · 2023 · Journal Article · International journal of biological macromolecules

Structural characterization of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides and the mechanism of anti-T2DM by modulating the gut microbiota and metabolites.

A low molecular weight polysaccharides of HEP-1, with molecular weights of 1.67 × 104 Da and composition of →6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, β-D-Glcp-(1→ and →3,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, was isolated and characterized from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus..

Immune supportMetabolic healthGut & microbiomeLiver support
High relevance

Shiitake · 2023 · Journal Article · International journal of biological macromolecules

Structural elucidation and anti-inflammatory activity of a proteoglycan from spent substrate of Lentinula edodes.

A proteoglycan LEPS1 was firstly isolated and purified from the spent substrate of Lentinula edodes, an agricultural waste that may cause environmental pollution..

Immune supportMetabolic health
High relevance

Wood Ear · 2023 · Journal Article · Carbohydrate polymers

Structure of an unprecedent glucuronoxylogalactoglucomannan from fruit bodies of Auricularia auricula-judae (black woody ear)

An unprecedent glucuronoxylogalactoglucomannan (GXG′G″M), ME-2 (Mw, 2.60 × 10⁵ g/mol; O-acetyl % = 16.7 %), was isolated and purified from water extracts of Auricularia auricula-judae (black woody ear)..

Immune support
High relevance

Wood Ear · 2023 · Journal Article · Carbohydrate polymers

Structure of an unprecedent glucuronoxylogalactoglucomannan from fruit bodies of Auricularia auricula-judae (black woody ear).

An unprecedent glucuronoxylogalactoglucomannan (GXG'G″M), ME-2 (Mw, 2.60 × 105 g/mol; O-acetyl % = 16.7 %), was isolated and purified from water extracts of Auricularia auricula-judae (black woody ear)..

Immune support
High relevance

Mesima · 2023 · Research Article · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Study on Extraction, Physicochemical Properties, and Bacterio-Static Activity of Polysaccharides from Phellinus linteus.

We optimized an ultrasound-assisted extraction process of Phellinus linteus mycelium polysaccharides (PLPs) and studied their monosaccharide composition and bacteriostatic properties..

Immune supportMetabolic health
High relevance

Chaga · 2023 · Research Article · Food science & nutrition

Study on the hypolipidemic effect of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide in hyperlipidemia rats based on the regulation of intestinal flora.

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide (IOP) on blood lipids and its regulation on the intestinal flora in hyperlipidemia rats, and explore the modern biological connotation of IOP in reducing blood lipids..

Immune supportMetabolic healthGut & microbiomeLiver support
High relevance

Oyster Mushroom · 2023 · Research Article · Frontiers in nutrition

Suitability of maize crop residue fermented by Pleurotus ostreatus as feed for edible crickets: growth performance, micronutrient content, and iron bioavailability.

Small-scale farming of edible insects could help combat public health challenges such as protein energy malnutrition and anemia, but reliable low-cost feeds for insects are needed..

Energy & fatigueGut & microbiome
High relevance

Shiitake · 2023 · Research Article · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activities of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Derived from Secondary Metabolites of Lentinula edodes.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are the second most prevalent metal oxide, owing to their characteristics of low cost, safe, and easily prepared. ZnO NPs have been found to exhibit unique properties which show their potential to be used in various therapies..

Immune supportMetabolic health
High relevance

Reishi · 2023 · Journal Article · World J Microbiol Biotechnol

The key technologies of Ganoderma lucidum liquid spawn preparation and scale expansion

Ganoderma lucidum possesses a variety of valuable pharmacological activities, and it has long been used to prevent and treat various human diseases. Up to now, far too little attention has been paid to the liquid spawn of G.

Metabolic health
High relevance

Reishi · 2023 · Journal Article · World journal of microbiology & biotechnology

The key technologies of Ganoderma lucidum liquid spawn preparation and scale expansion.

Ganoderma lucidum possesses a variety of valuable pharmacological activities, and it has long been used to prevent and treat various human diseases. Up to now, far too little attention has been paid to the liquid spawn of G.

Metabolic health
High relevance

Cordyceps · 2023 · Journal Article · Archives of microbiology

The phylogeny and divergence time of Ophiocordyceps sinensis and its host insects based on elongation factor 1 alpha.

Ophiocordyceps sinensis Berk. is a fungal parasite that parasitizes the larvae of Hepialidae and is endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP).