MycoData
Medicinal fungi research database
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Metabolic health
Glucose, lipids, obesity, diabetes, cholesterol, and metabolic syndrome studies.
Species records
Species record
Oyster Mushroom
Pleurotus ostreatus
- Studies
- 1,947
- Avg relevance
- 53
- Latest
- 2026
Species record
Reishi · Lingzhi
Ganoderma lucidum
- Studies
- 1,830
- Avg relevance
- 60
- Latest
- 2026
Species record
Turkey Tail · Yun Zhi
Trametes versicolor
- Studies
- 1,828
- Avg relevance
- 41
- Latest
- 2026
Species record
Shiitake · Hua Gu
Lentinula edodes
- Studies
- 1,766
- Avg relevance
- 60
- Latest
- 2026
Species record
Cordyceps · Scarlet Club
Cordyceps militaris
- Studies
- 1,635
- Avg relevance
- 67
- Latest
- 2026
Species record
Cordyceps · Caterpillar Fungus
Ophiocordyceps sinensis
- Studies
- 1,576
- Avg relevance
- 59
- Latest
- 2026
Species record
Almond Mushroom · ABM
Agaricus blazei
- Studies
- 1,441
- Avg relevance
- 54
- Latest
- 2026
Species record
Enoki · Winter Mushroom
Flammulina velutipes
- Studies
- 1,403
- Avg relevance
- 47
- Latest
- 2026
Species record
King Oyster · Eryngii
Pleurotus eryngii
- Studies
- 1,278
- Avg relevance
- 60
- Latest
- 2026
Species record
Maitake · Hen of the Woods
Grifola frondosa
- Studies
- 1,276
- Avg relevance
- 48
- Latest
- 2026
Species record
Snow Fungus · Silver Ear
Tremella fuciformis
- Studies
- 1,052
- Avg relevance
- 29
- Latest
- 2026
Species record
Lion's Mane · Yamabushitake
Hericium erinaceus
- Studies
- 862
- Avg relevance
- 67
- Latest
- 2026
Species record
Chaga
Inonotus obliquus
- Studies
- 738
- Avg relevance
- 65
- Latest
- 2026
Species record
Mesima · Sanghwang
Phellinus linteus
- Studies
- 722
- Avg relevance
- 58
- Latest
- 2026
Species record
Niu-Chang-Chih
Antrodia camphorata
- Studies
- 496
- Avg relevance
- 63
- Latest
- 2026
Species record
Nameko · Nametake
Pholiota microspora
- Studies
- 421
- Avg relevance
- 29
- Latest
- 2026
Species record
Yellow Morel
Morchella esculenta
- Studies
- 392
- Avg relevance
- 42
- Latest
- 2026
Species record
Zhu Ling · Umbrella Polypore
Polyporus umbellatus
- Studies
- 263
- Avg relevance
- 55
- Latest
- 2026
Species record
Wood Ear · Kikurage
Auricularia auricula-judae
- Studies
- 254
- Avg relevance
- 51
- Latest
- 2026
Species record
Agarikon · Quinine Conk
Fomitopsis officinalis
- Studies
- 47
- Avg relevance
- 55
- Latest
- 2026
Articles
3,638 results
Showing 1,751–1,800 of 3,638
Almond Mushroom · 2020 · Preprint · journal metadata
Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Approach Bias Modification training (ABM) on food cravings in people taking antipsychotic medication
Abstract Background Antipsychotic drug induced weight gain puts individuals with schizophrenia at increased cardiometabolic risk. As a potential intervention for this problem we describe the theoretical background and a protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) of approach bias modification training….
Cordyceps · 2020 · Research Support, Non U.S. Gov'T · mSphere
Production of Diverse Beauveriolide Analogs in Closely Related Fungi: a Rare Case of Fungal Chemodiversity.
Fungal chemodiversity is well known in part due to the production of diverse analogous compounds by a single biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC). Usually, similar or the same metabolites are produced by closely related fungal species under a given condition, the foundation of fungal chemotaxonomy..
Reishi · 2020 · Journal Article · Mycoscience
Transcription analysis of Ganoderma lucidum reveals candidate genes and pathways in response to excess exogenous indoleacetic acid (IAA)
Known as auxin which regulate the plant growth, indoleacetic acid (IAA) was also found to be synthesized in basidiomycetes Ganoderma lucidum in our previously work. In the present study, the effect of excess exogenous IAA on mycelium of G.
Oyster Mushroom · 2019 · Journal Article · Japanese Journal of Mycology
Highly-concentrated glucose aqueous solution protects hiratake (Pleurotus ostreatus) mycelia during cryopreservation at −20℃
Metadata-grounded summary: This journal article indexes research on Pleurotus ostreatus in Japanese Journal of Mycology in 2019. MycoData maps the paper to metabolic health based on its title, species context, article metadata, and study classification..
Mesima · 2019 · Research Article · Nutrients
Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Phellinus Linteus Mycelial Extract from Solid-State Culture in A Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes.
Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of P. linteus have been observed in numerous studies, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear.
Cordyceps · 2019 · Journal Article · Proceedings for Annual Meeting of The Japanese Pharmacological Society
Ophiocordyceps sinensis may ameliorate cardiovascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension via TRPM7 inhibition
Metadata-grounded summary: This journal article indexes research on Ophiocordyceps sinensis in Proceedings for Annual Meeting of The Japanese Pharmacological Society in 2019. MycoData maps the paper to metabolic health, respiratory based on its title, species context, article metadata, and study classification..
Maitake · 2019 · Research Article · RSC advances
The polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa attenuate CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats via the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
The TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway has been linked to hepatic fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that yellow polysaccharide can prevent the development of hepatic fibrosis.
Zhu Ling · 2019 · Journal Article · International journal of biological macromolecules
Three exopolysaccharides from the liquid fermentation of Polyporus umbellatus and their bioactivities.
The exopolysaccharides were extracted and separated from the broth of the liquid fermentation of P. umbellatus, and the antioxidant activities and other relative bioactivities were investigated, aiming to find clues for a wider use in the future..
Maitake · 2018 · Journal Article · Food & function
Effect of Grifola frondosa 95% ethanol extract on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota composition in high-fat diet-fed rats.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of 95% ethanol extract of G. frondosa (GF95) on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota composition in high-fat diet (HFD) fed rats.
Maitake · 2018 · Research Article · Microbial cell factories
Improved mycelia and polysaccharide production of Grifola frondosa by controlling morphology with microparticle Talc.
BACKGROUND: Mushroom showed pellet, clump and/or filamentous mycelial morphologies during submerged fermentation. Addition of microparticles including Talc (magnesium silicate), aluminum oxide and titanium oxide could control mycelial morphologies to improve mycelia growth and secondary metabolites production..
Enoki · 2018 · Journal Article · International journal of biological macromolecules
Metabonomic profiling in study hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharides from Flammulina velutipes on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury rats using GC-MS.
This study was performed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of FVP on carbon tetrachloride induced acute liver injury rats. Transaminase levels, antioxidant effect and histopathology were used to assess the recovery of FVP treated acute liver injury rats..
Zhu Ling · 2017 · Journal Article · Carbohydrate polymers
Structure and chain conformation of a neutral polysaccharide from sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus.
A water-soluble heteropolysaccharide (PUP60W-1) was purified from the hot water extract of sclerotia of P. umbellatus by chromatography with DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephacryl S200 High-Resolution.
Oyster Mushroom · 2016 · Journal Article · Mushroom Science and Biotechnology
Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus using sorghum-supplemented spawn on various substrates
Metadata-grounded summary: This journal article indexes research on Pleurotus ostreatus in Mushroom Science and Biotechnology in 2016. MycoData maps the paper to metabolic health based on its title, species context, article metadata, and study classification..
Oyster Mushroom · 2016 · Journal Article · Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Meeting of the Mycological Society of Japan
Examination of conservation of molecular mechanism for sexual development in homobasidiomycetes, Coprinopsis cinerea and Pleurotus ostreatus
Metadata-grounded summary: This journal article indexes research on Pleurotus ostreatus in Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Meeting of the Mycological Society of Japan in 2016. MycoData maps the paper to metabolic health based on its title, species context, article metadata, and study classification..
Reishi · 2016 · Journal Article · Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Meeting of the Mycological Society of Japan
Gene mutations in Ganoderma lucidum during continuous subculturing
Metadata-grounded summary: This journal article indexes research on Ganoderma lucidum in Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Meeting of the Mycological Society of Japan in 2016. MycoData maps the paper to oncology, immune support, metabolic health, liver support based on its title, species context, article metadata, and study classification..
Oyster Mushroom · 2016 · Journal Article · Mushroom Science and Biotechnology
Pathogenicity of Ewingella americana isolates from different cultivated mushrooms, causing bacterial brown rot on Lentinula edodes, to fruiting bodies of L. edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus
Metadata-grounded summary: This journal article indexes research on Pleurotus ostreatus in Mushroom Science and Biotechnology in 2016. MycoData maps the paper to metabolic health based on its title, species context, article metadata, and study classification..
Oyster Mushroom · 2016 · Journal Article · Mushroom Science and Biotechnology
Utilization of bamboo sawdust for sawdust based cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus
Metadata-grounded summary: This journal article indexes research on Pleurotus ostreatus in Mushroom Science and Biotechnology in 2016. MycoData maps the paper to metabolic health based on its title, species context, article metadata, and study classification..
Shiitake · 2020 · Journal Article · Food chemistry
In vitro gastric digestion antioxidant and cellular radical scavenging activities of wheat-shiitake noodles.
A high glycaemic index diet causes a rapid increase in blood sugar level and may lead to chronic metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Shiitake is rich in bioactive compounds..
Nameko · 2020 · Research Article · Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
Pholiota nameko Polysaccharides Promotes Cell Proliferation and Migration and Reduces ROS Content in H2O2-Induced L929 Cells.
Pholiota nameko, a type of edible and medicinal fungus, is currently grown extensively for food and traditional medicine in China and Japan. It possesses various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemia and antitumor activities.
Nameko · 2019 · Journal Article · International journal of biological macromolecules
Chemical analysis, moisture-preserving, and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Pholiota nameko by fractional precipitation.
This study explored Pholiota nameko (P. nameko) polysaccharide fractions, PNP-40, PNP-60, and PNP-80, purified by gradient concentrations of ethanol (40%, 60%, and 80% (v/v)).
Chaga · 2019 · Journal Article · Journal of microbiology and biotechnology
Secondary Fermented Extract of Chaga-Cheonggukjang Attenuates the Effects of Obesity and Suppresses Inflammatory Response in the Liver and Spleen of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.
Cheonggukjang and chaga mushrooms have numerous health benefits, and have been used in alternative medicine. Therefore, a powder mixture of 98: Cheonggukjang and 2: Chaga extracts was fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus KCTC3925 (FCC) and its anti-obesity effects in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice were….
Maitake · 2005 · Patent · journal metadata
A GLYCOPROTEIN WITH ANTIDIABETIC, ANTIHYPERTENSIVE, ANTIOBESITY AND ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS FROM GRIFOLA FRONDOSA, AND A METHOD FOR PREPARING SAME
A glycoprotein extracted from the fruiting body of Grifola frondosa is demonstrated to have antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antiobesity and antihyperlipidemic effects, and has great potential as an active component for pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements or health food preparations to treat and/or prevent the above….
Enoki · 2005 · Patent · journal metadata
A METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF ENZYME PREPARATION OF CATALASE FLAMMULINA VELUTIPES (CURT.: FR.) SING. AND PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS (JACQ.: FR.) KUMM.
A method for the preparation of enzymatic agents of catalase Flammulina velutipes (Curt.: Fr.) Sing. and Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.: Fr.) Kumm.
Enoki · 2005 · Patent · journal metadata
A METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF ENZYME PREPARATION OF PEROXYDASE Flammulina velutipes (Curt.: Fr.) Sing.
A method for the preparation of enzymatic agent of peroxidase Flammulina velutipes (Curt.: Fr.) Sing. involves cultivation of producer on the glucose-peptonic medium, being performed till reaching maximal peroxidase activity of the cultural filtrate.Mycelium is withdrawn by filtration, enzyme is precipitated by….
Turkey Tail · 2005 · Comparative Study · Biotechnology letters
Carbon and nitrogen sources influence the ligninolytic enzyme activity of Trametes versicolor.
Among carbon sources studied, cellobiose and mannitol provided the highest laccase (Lac) activity (648 and 742 U1(-1), respectively) of Trametes versicolor 775 while glucose gave maximum manganese peroxidase (MnP) and peroxidase activities (44 and 114 U1(-1), respectively)..
Niu-Chang-Chih · 2005 · Comparative Study · Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
Characterization and functional study of Antrodia camphorata lipopolysaccharide.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a highly proinflammatory molecule isolated from bacteria. This study demonstrated the existence of LPS in a medicinal fungus, Antrodia camphorata.
Maitake · 2005 · Patent · journal metadata
Glycoprotein with antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antiobesity and antihyperlipidemic effects from Grifola frondosa, and a method for preparing same
A glycoprotein extracted from the fruiting body of Grifola frondosa is demonstrated to have antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antiobesity and antihyperlipidemic effects, and has great potential as an active component for pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements or health food preparations to treat and/or prevent the above….
Mesima · 2004 · Patent · journal metadata
Compositions containing polysaccharides from phellinus linteus and methods for treating diabetes mellitus using same
The present invention relates to a novel use of polysaccharides (PL) from Phellinus linteus for treating diabetes mellitus, which provides medicine or food comprising polysaccharide as active components..
Lion's Mane · 2003 · Research Support, Non U.S. Gov'T · Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry
Hypolipidemic Effect of an Exo-biopolymer Produced from a Submerged Mycelial Culture of Hericium erinaceus
The hypolipidemic effect of an exo-biopolymer produced from a submerged mycelial culture of Hericium erinaceus was investigated in dietary-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Hypolipidemic effects were proportionally increased with the increasing concentration of the exo-biopolymer for oral administration..
Niu-Chang-Chih · 2003 · Research Support, Non U.S. Gov'T · Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
Protective effects of fermented filtrate from Antrodia camphorata in submerged culture against CCl4-induced hepatic toxicity in rats.
The protective effects and the possible mechanisms of dry matter of fermented filtrate (DMF) from Antrodia camphorata in submerged culture (ACSC) on H(2)O(2)-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 and carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated..
Mesima · 2003 · Research Support, Non U.S. Gov'T · Bioresource technology
Purification and characterization of acidic proteo-heteroglycan from the fruiting body of Phellinus linteus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Teng.
Phellinus linteus is a well-known oriental medicinal fungus that has various biological activities such as stimulation of humoral and cell mediated immunity, anti-mutagenicity activity, and anti-cancer activity. The process of isolating and purifying a water-soluble glycan from P..
Niu-Chang-Chih · 2002 · Comparative Study · FEMS microbiology letters
Antrodia camphorata polysaccharides exhibit anti-hepatitis B virus effects.
Polysaccharides were extracted from fruiting bodies and cultured mycelia from five Antrodia camphorata strains. Polysaccharide profiles of the five strains, as determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, showed varying yields and composition of neutral sugars.
Mesima · 2001 · Patent · journal metadata
NOVEL USE OF POLYSACCHARIDE FROM PHELLINUS LINTEUS FOR TREATING DIABETES MELLITUS
The present invention relates to a novel use of polysaccharides (PL) from Phellinus linteus for treating diabetes mellitus, which provides medicine or food comprising polysaccharide as active components..
Enoki · 2000 · Research Support, Non U.S. Gov'T · Biochimica et biophysica acta
Flammutoxin, a cytolysin from the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes, forms two different types of voltage-gated channels in lipid bilayer membranes.
Flammutoxin, a 31-kDa cardiotoxic and cytolytic protein from the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes, has been shown to assemble into a pore-forming annular oligomer with outer and inner diameters of 10 and 5 nm on the target cells [Tomita et al., Biochem. J.
Snow Fungus · 1997 · Research Support, Non U.S. Gov'T · Planta medica
Characterization and cytokine-stimulating activities of acidic heteroglycans from Tremella fuciformis.
Four acidic heteroglycans, T2a-T2d, were isolated from the body of Tremella fuciformis Berk. They contained 1.9%-2.9% of acetyl groups and were composed of mannose (Man), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and small amounts of xylose (Xyl), glucose (Glc), and fucose (Fuc)..
Enoki · 1997 · Research Support, Non U.S. Gov'T · Immunopharmacology
The isolation and characterization of an immunomodulatory and anti-tumor polysaccharide preparation from Flammulina velutipes.
Alkaline-soluble antitumor polysaccharide was prepared from the cell wall of the mushroom Flammulina velutipes. The backbones) of the polysaccharide is mainly composed of beta-(1-->3)-D-linked glucose and its molecular weight was estimated to be about 200 kD..
Snow Fungus · 1996 · Research Support, Non U.S. Gov'T · Planta medica
Characterization and cytokine stimulating activities of heteroglycans from Tremella fuciformis.
Three heteroglycans, T1a, T1b, and T1c, have been isolated from the body of Tremella fuciformis Berk. They are composed of mannose (Man), xylose (Xyl), glucose (Glc), fucose (Fuc), and glucuronic acid (GlcA)..
Wood Ear · 1995 · Research Support, Non U.S. Gov'T · Biopolymers
Properties of Auricularia auricula-judae beta-D-glucan in dilute solution.
A water-soluble glucan A was isolated from the fruit body of Auricularia auricula-judae. It is composed of a backbone chain of beta-(1-->3)-linked D-glucose residues, two out of three glucose residues being substituted at C-6 positions with a single glucose unit..
Snow Fungus · 1994 · English Abstract · Yakugaku zasshi: Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
[Polysaccharides in fungi. XXXIII. Hypoglycemic activity of an acidic polysaccharide (AC) from Tremella fuciformis].
Glucuronoxylomannan (AC) from the fruiting bodies of Tremella fuciformis exhibited a significant dose-dependent hypoglycemic activity in normal mice and also showed a significant activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration..
Enoki · 1982 · Research Support, Non U.S. Gov'T · Journal of pharmacobio-dynamics
STUDIES ON ANTITUMOR POLYSACCHARIDES OF FLAMMULINA VELUTIPES (CURT. EX FR.) SING.II. THE STRUCTURE OF EA3 AND FURTHER PURIFICATION OF EA5
An antitumor polysaccharide, EA3 isolated from a Japanese edible mushroom, Flammulina velutipes (CURT. ex FR.) SING.
Cordyceps · 2026 · Comparative Study · Fitoterapia
Comparative chemical profiles of fruiting bodies and mycelia of Cordyceps cicadae and Ophiocordyceps sobolifera, and Immunometabolic modulation by liquid-fermented mycelia.
Cordyceps cicadae and Ophiocordyceps sobolifera are entomopathogenic fungi often misidentified due to taxonomic ambiguity, leading to confusion in research and applications..
Reishi · 2026 · Research Support, Non U.S. Gov'T · Bioorganic chemistry
Hypoglycemic effects of lanostane triterpenoids from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lingzhi.
The macrofungus Ganoderma is renown as a medicinal and edible mushroom in Asian countries for its potential to enhance vitality and promote longevity. Five previously undescribed lanostane triterpenoids, ganoderenic acids J-N (1-5), together with 42 known ones (6-47), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of….
Oyster Mushroom · 2025 · Research Support, Non U.S. Gov'T · Mycologia
Cultivation technology optimization and identification of secondary metabolites from elm oyster mushroom Hypsizygus ulmarius (Bull.) Redhead (Agaricomycetes) through GC-MS metabolomic profiling from India.
Hypsizygus ulmarius, a novel oyster mushroom species, offers potential scope due to its low-cost production, high biological efficiency, and notable nutritional, medicinal, and therapeutic properties. The present study standardized commercial cultivation technology for H..
Cordyceps · 2025 · Evaluation Study · Food chemistry
Enhancing Cordyceps Sinensis shelf life: The role of liquid nitrogen spray freezing in maintaining hypha structure and reducing metabolic degradation.
Cordyceps sinensis (C. sinensis) is a valuable edible fungus, known for its therapeutic benefits, including immune enhancement and anti-inflammatory effects, making it an important component in nutritional applications..
Cordyceps · 2024 · English Abstract · Zhonghua lao dong wei sheng zhi ye bing za zhi = Zhonghua laodong weisheng zhiyebing zazhi = Chinese journal of industrial hygiene and occupational diseases
[Research on ameliorating pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis mice of Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides].
Objective: A mouse silicosis model was constructed by injecting silicon dioxide (SiO(2)) particles into the trachea to explore the effect and mechanism of Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides (CCP) on ameliorating pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis mice..
Almond Mushroom · 2024 · Review · Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research
Correlation of metabolic markers and OPG gene mutations with bone mass abnormalities in postmenopausal women.
OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the relationship between metabolic indices and abnormal bone mass (ABM), analyse the association between osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene mutations and ABM, and explore the interaction effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and OPG gene mutations on bone mineral density (BMD) in….
Cordyceps · 2024 · Research Support, Non U.S. Gov'T · Molecular nutrition & food research
Polysaccharides from Cordyceps cicadae Ameliorate Reproductive Impairments in Male Mouse through the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis.
SCOPE: Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides have received attention due to their potential in treating hyperglycemia and enhancing renal function. The beneficial effect of the purified C..
Cordyceps · 2023 · Research Article · International journal of molecular sciences
Amelioration of Cyclosporine A-Induced Acute Nephrotoxicity by Cordyceps cicadae Mycelia via Mg+2 Reabsorption and the Inhibition of GRP78-IRE1-CHOP Pathway: In Vivo and In Vitro.
Fruiting bodies of Cordyceps cicadae (CC) have been reported to have a therapeutic effect in chronic kidney disease. Due to the rare and expensive resources from natural habitats, artificially cultivated mycelia using submerged liquid cultivation of CC (CCM) have been recently developed as an alternative to scarce….
Cordyceps · 2023 · Research Article · Frontiers in nutrition
Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides alleviate hyperglycemia by regulating gut microbiota and its mmetabolites in high-fat diet/streptozocin-induced diabetic mice.
INTRODUCTION: The polysaccharides found in Cordyceps cicadae (C. cicadae) have received increasing academic attention owing to their wide variety of therapeutic activities.
Cordyceps · 2023 · Research Article · Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
Effect of Air Drying on the Metabolic Profile of Fresh Wild and Artificial Cordyceps sinensis.
Fresh and dried Cordyceps sinensis are widely used by the public for medicinal and health purposes. However, the differences between them have not been examined.